Pulse-like, crack-like, and supershear earthquake ruptures with shear strain localization
We incorporate shear strain localization into spontaneous elastodynamic rupture simulations using a shear transformation zone (STZ) friction law. In the STZ model, plastic strain in the granular fault gouge occurs in local regions called STZs. The number density of STZs is governed by an effective d...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 2010-05, Vol.115 (B5), p.n/a |
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| creator | Daub, Eric G. Manning, M. Lisa Carlson, Jean M. |
| description | We incorporate shear strain localization into spontaneous elastodynamic rupture simulations using a shear transformation zone (STZ) friction law. In the STZ model, plastic strain in the granular fault gouge occurs in local regions called STZs. The number density of STZs is governed by an effective disorder temperature, and regions with elevated effective temperature have an increased strain rate. STZ theory resolves the dynamic evolution of the effective temperature across the width of the fault zone. Shear bands spontaneously form in the model due to feedbacks amplifying heterogeneities in the initial effective temperature. In dynamic earthquake simulations, strain localization is a mechanism for dynamic fault weakening. A shear band dynamically forms, reduces the sliding stress, and decreases the frictional energy dissipation on the fault. We investigate the effect of the dynamic weakening due to localization in generating pulse‐like, crack‐like, and supershear rupture. Our results illustrate that the additional weakening and reduction of on‐fault energy dissipation due to localization have a significant impact on the initial shear stress required for supershear or pulse‐like rupture to propagate on a fault. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2009JB006388 |
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Lisa ; Carlson, Jean M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Daub, Eric G. ; Manning, M. Lisa ; Carlson, Jean M.</creatorcontrib><description>We incorporate shear strain localization into spontaneous elastodynamic rupture simulations using a shear transformation zone (STZ) friction law. In the STZ model, plastic strain in the granular fault gouge occurs in local regions called STZs. The number density of STZs is governed by an effective disorder temperature, and regions with elevated effective temperature have an increased strain rate. STZ theory resolves the dynamic evolution of the effective temperature across the width of the fault zone. Shear bands spontaneously form in the model due to feedbacks amplifying heterogeneities in the initial effective temperature. In dynamic earthquake simulations, strain localization is a mechanism for dynamic fault weakening. A shear band dynamically forms, reduces the sliding stress, and decreases the frictional energy dissipation on the fault. We investigate the effect of the dynamic weakening due to localization in generating pulse‐like, crack‐like, and supershear rupture. Our results illustrate that the additional weakening and reduction of on‐fault energy dissipation due to localization have a significant impact on the initial shear stress required for supershear or pulse‐like rupture to propagate on a fault.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0148-0227</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2169-9313</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2156-2202</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-9356</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2009JB006388</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>constitutive laws ; Continental dynamics ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; earthquake dynamics ; Earthquakes ; Energy dissipation ; Exact sciences and technology ; Fault lines ; Geology ; Geophysics ; Plate tectonics ; Rheology ; Seismic activity ; Seismology ; Shear stress ; strain localization</subject><ispartof>Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2010-05, Vol.115 (B5), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright 2010 by American Geophysical Union</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a4355-10852c3c8fa8cb405ae9c80d74c871cb2cd44aa42444573c7253a63e7d23a3c33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a4355-10852c3c8fa8cb405ae9c80d74c871cb2cd44aa42444573c7253a63e7d23a3c33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2009JB006388$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2009JB006388$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,1427,11493,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46443,46808,46867</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22974601$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Daub, Eric G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manning, M. Lisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carlson, Jean M.</creatorcontrib><title>Pulse-like, crack-like, and supershear earthquake ruptures with shear strain localization</title><title>Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth</title><addtitle>J. Geophys. Res</addtitle><description>We incorporate shear strain localization into spontaneous elastodynamic rupture simulations using a shear transformation zone (STZ) friction law. In the STZ model, plastic strain in the granular fault gouge occurs in local regions called STZs. The number density of STZs is governed by an effective disorder temperature, and regions with elevated effective temperature have an increased strain rate. STZ theory resolves the dynamic evolution of the effective temperature across the width of the fault zone. Shear bands spontaneously form in the model due to feedbacks amplifying heterogeneities in the initial effective temperature. In dynamic earthquake simulations, strain localization is a mechanism for dynamic fault weakening. A shear band dynamically forms, reduces the sliding stress, and decreases the frictional energy dissipation on the fault. We investigate the effect of the dynamic weakening due to localization in generating pulse‐like, crack‐like, and supershear rupture. Our results illustrate that the additional weakening and reduction of on‐fault energy dissipation due to localization have a significant impact on the initial shear stress required for supershear or pulse‐like rupture to propagate on a fault.</description><subject>constitutive laws</subject><subject>Continental dynamics</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>earthquake dynamics</subject><subject>Earthquakes</subject><subject>Energy dissipation</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Fault lines</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Geophysics</subject><subject>Plate tectonics</subject><subject>Rheology</subject><subject>Seismic activity</subject><subject>Seismology</subject><subject>Shear stress</subject><subject>strain localization</subject><issn>0148-0227</issn><issn>2169-9313</issn><issn>2156-2202</issn><issn>2169-9356</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kNtKw0AQhhdRsKh3PkAQvDM6e8puLq1oVVpPeEBvlnG7pWtj0u4maH16IynilQPDDMz3_8MMIbsUDimw_IgB5Jd9gIxrvUZ6jMosZQzYOukBFToFxtQm2YnxDdoQMhNAe-T5pimiSws_cweJDWhnqx7LcRKbuQtx6jAkbdbTRYMzl4RmXjfBxeTD19OkG8c6oC-TorJY-C-sfVVuk40Jtt47q7pFHs5O70_O0-H14OLkeJii4FKmFLRklls9QW1fBUh0udUwVsJqRe0rs2MhEAUTQkjFrWKSY8adGjOO3HK-RfY633moFo2LtXmrmlC2K43OKOSS5T_QQQfZUMUY3MTMg3_HsDQUzM_7zN_3tfj-yhNje9EkYGl9_NUwliuRAW053nEfvnDLfz3N5eCuTzMqZKtKO5WPtfv8VWGYmUxxJc3T1cC8wLD_OBrdmVv-DWE3jIs</recordid><startdate>201005</startdate><enddate>201005</enddate><creator>Daub, Eric G.</creator><creator>Manning, M. 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Lisa ; Carlson, Jean M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a4355-10852c3c8fa8cb405ae9c80d74c871cb2cd44aa42444573c7253a63e7d23a3c33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>constitutive laws</topic><topic>Continental dynamics</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>earthquake dynamics</topic><topic>Earthquakes</topic><topic>Energy dissipation</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Fault lines</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Geophysics</topic><topic>Plate tectonics</topic><topic>Rheology</topic><topic>Seismic activity</topic><topic>Seismology</topic><topic>Shear stress</topic><topic>strain localization</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Daub, Eric G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manning, M. 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Lisa</au><au>Carlson, Jean M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Pulse-like, crack-like, and supershear earthquake ruptures with shear strain localization</atitle><jtitle>Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth</jtitle><addtitle>J. Geophys. Res</addtitle><date>2010-05</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>115</volume><issue>B5</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>0148-0227</issn><issn>2169-9313</issn><eissn>2156-2202</eissn><eissn>2169-9356</eissn><abstract>We incorporate shear strain localization into spontaneous elastodynamic rupture simulations using a shear transformation zone (STZ) friction law. In the STZ model, plastic strain in the granular fault gouge occurs in local regions called STZs. The number density of STZs is governed by an effective disorder temperature, and regions with elevated effective temperature have an increased strain rate. STZ theory resolves the dynamic evolution of the effective temperature across the width of the fault zone. Shear bands spontaneously form in the model due to feedbacks amplifying heterogeneities in the initial effective temperature. In dynamic earthquake simulations, strain localization is a mechanism for dynamic fault weakening. A shear band dynamically forms, reduces the sliding stress, and decreases the frictional energy dissipation on the fault. We investigate the effect of the dynamic weakening due to localization in generating pulse‐like, crack‐like, and supershear rupture. Our results illustrate that the additional weakening and reduction of on‐fault energy dissipation due to localization have a significant impact on the initial shear stress required for supershear or pulse‐like rupture to propagate on a fault.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1029/2009JB006388</doi><tpages>15</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | constitutive laws Continental dynamics Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space earthquake dynamics Earthquakes Energy dissipation Exact sciences and technology Fault lines Geology Geophysics Plate tectonics Rheology Seismic activity Seismology Shear stress strain localization |
| title | Pulse-like, crack-like, and supershear earthquake ruptures with shear strain localization |
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