Investigating the Option of Removing the Antialiasing Filter From Digital Relays
Digital relays traditionally employ sampling rates of less than 100 samples/cycle. In order to avoid aliasing due to fault transients, these relays employ an analog antialiasing filter before critical-sampling (Nyquist rate) the input waveforms coming from instrument transformers. In many applicatio...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on power delivery 2009-10, Vol.24 (4), p.1864-1868 |
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| creator | Brahma, S.M. De Leon, P.L. Kavasseri, R.G. |
| description | Digital relays traditionally employ sampling rates of less than 100 samples/cycle. In order to avoid aliasing due to fault transients, these relays employ an analog antialiasing filter before critical-sampling (Nyquist rate) the input waveforms coming from instrument transformers. In many applications of electrical engineering, oversampling (greater than the Nyquist rate) has long been used to simplify the requirements of an antialiasing filter with a sharp cutoff; in some cases, the filter can even be eliminated. This paper investigates this option for a digital relay. The performance of a traditional digital relay is compared with a method that uses oversampling without using an antialiasing filter. By processing a comprehensive array of fault waveforms from Electromagnetic Transients Program simulations, a suitable oversampling rate is suggested. A comparison of phasor estimates using the traditional relay and the proposed method is made for different operating and fault conditions. The results suggest that oversampling can eliminate the antialiasing filter traditionally employed in digital relays. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2028802 |
| format | Article |
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In order to avoid aliasing due to fault transients, these relays employ an analog antialiasing filter before critical-sampling (Nyquist rate) the input waveforms coming from instrument transformers. In many applications of electrical engineering, oversampling (greater than the Nyquist rate) has long been used to simplify the requirements of an antialiasing filter with a sharp cutoff; in some cases, the filter can even be eliminated. This paper investigates this option for a digital relay. The performance of a traditional digital relay is compared with a method that uses oversampling without using an antialiasing filter. By processing a comprehensive array of fault waveforms from Electromagnetic Transients Program simulations, a suitable oversampling rate is suggested. A comparison of phasor estimates using the traditional relay and the proposed method is made for different operating and fault conditions. The results suggest that oversampling can eliminate the antialiasing filter traditionally employed in digital relays.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0885-8977</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1937-4208</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2028802</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ITPDE5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: IEEE</publisher><subject>Aliasing ; Analog-digital conversion ; analog-to-digital converter (ADC) ; Applied sciences ; Arrays ; Capacitors. Resistors. Filters ; Connection and protection apparatus ; Digital ; Digital filters ; digital relay ; Digital relays ; discrete Fourier transform (DFT) ; Discrete Fourier transforms ; Disturbances. Regulation. Protection ; Electrical engineering ; Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering ; Electrical power engineering ; Exact sciences and technology ; Faults ; Frequency estimation ; Oversampling ; Phasors ; Power networks and lines ; power system protection ; Power system relaying ; Power system transients ; Protective relaying ; Sampling ; Sampling methods ; Various equipment and components ; Voltage ; Waveforms</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on power delivery, 2009-10, Vol.24 (4), p.1864-1868</ispartof><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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In order to avoid aliasing due to fault transients, these relays employ an analog antialiasing filter before critical-sampling (Nyquist rate) the input waveforms coming from instrument transformers. In many applications of electrical engineering, oversampling (greater than the Nyquist rate) has long been used to simplify the requirements of an antialiasing filter with a sharp cutoff; in some cases, the filter can even be eliminated. This paper investigates this option for a digital relay. The performance of a traditional digital relay is compared with a method that uses oversampling without using an antialiasing filter. By processing a comprehensive array of fault waveforms from Electromagnetic Transients Program simulations, a suitable oversampling rate is suggested. A comparison of phasor estimates using the traditional relay and the proposed method is made for different operating and fault conditions. The results suggest that oversampling can eliminate the antialiasing filter traditionally employed in digital relays.</description><subject>Aliasing</subject><subject>Analog-digital conversion</subject><subject>analog-to-digital converter (ADC)</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Arrays</subject><subject>Capacitors. Resistors. Filters</subject><subject>Connection and protection apparatus</subject><subject>Digital</subject><subject>Digital filters</subject><subject>digital relay</subject><subject>Digital relays</subject><subject>discrete Fourier transform (DFT)</subject><subject>Discrete Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Disturbances. Regulation. Protection</subject><subject>Electrical engineering</subject><subject>Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering</subject><subject>Electrical power engineering</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Faults</subject><subject>Frequency estimation</subject><subject>Oversampling</subject><subject>Phasors</subject><subject>Power networks and lines</subject><subject>power system protection</subject><subject>Power system relaying</subject><subject>Power system transients</subject><subject>Protective relaying</subject><subject>Sampling</subject><subject>Sampling methods</subject><subject>Various equipment and components</subject><subject>Voltage</subject><subject>Waveforms</subject><issn>0885-8977</issn><issn>1937-4208</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU9LJDEQxYO44Di7X0AvjaB7areSdOfPUcYdFYQRUTyGTFI9Rnq6x6RH8Nub2Rk9eNhLFbz6vYLHI-SIwjmloP883D3dX54zAJ0HUwrYHhlRzWVZMVD7ZARK1aXSUh6Qw5ReAKACDSNyd9O9YRrCwg6hWxTDMxaz1RD6ruib4h6X_dunfNENwbbBpo0wDe2AsZjGfllchkUYbJvp1r6nn-RHY9uEv3Z7TB6nfx8m1-Xt7OpmcnFbOq7kUHpktqKMcsGaLFAvBKdovdcN9c4DMj5HZT1S23hLpZtXDqXyUjs9Fw75mPze_l3F_nWdI5hlSA7b1nbYr5NRsgaqqaoyefZfkgteSSk24Mk38KVfxy6nMKpWQkomRYbYFnKxTyliY1YxLG18NxTMpgvzrwuz6cLsusim091nm5xtm2g7F9KXk1EtALjO3PGWC4j4da4Zr2UF_APG0pLz</recordid><startdate>20091001</startdate><enddate>20091001</enddate><creator>Brahma, S.M.</creator><creator>De Leon, P.L.</creator><creator>Kavasseri, R.G.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>F28</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20091001</creationdate><title>Investigating the Option of Removing the Antialiasing Filter From Digital Relays</title><author>Brahma, S.M. ; De Leon, P.L. ; Kavasseri, R.G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c387t-de2a4121362f3871d6631eadd9f1dcd0e23be8ade1afda17cb4ce78d79c9b6ce3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Aliasing</topic><topic>Analog-digital conversion</topic><topic>analog-to-digital converter (ADC)</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Arrays</topic><topic>Capacitors. Resistors. Filters</topic><topic>Connection and protection apparatus</topic><topic>Digital</topic><topic>Digital filters</topic><topic>digital relay</topic><topic>Digital relays</topic><topic>discrete Fourier transform (DFT)</topic><topic>Discrete Fourier transforms</topic><topic>Disturbances. Regulation. Protection</topic><topic>Electrical engineering</topic><topic>Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering</topic><topic>Electrical power engineering</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Faults</topic><topic>Frequency estimation</topic><topic>Oversampling</topic><topic>Phasors</topic><topic>Power networks and lines</topic><topic>power system protection</topic><topic>Power system relaying</topic><topic>Power system transients</topic><topic>Protective relaying</topic><topic>Sampling</topic><topic>Sampling methods</topic><topic>Various equipment and components</topic><topic>Voltage</topic><topic>Waveforms</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Brahma, S.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Leon, P.L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kavasseri, R.G.</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on power delivery</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Brahma, S.M.</au><au>De Leon, P.L.</au><au>Kavasseri, R.G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Investigating the Option of Removing the Antialiasing Filter From Digital Relays</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on power delivery</jtitle><stitle>TPWRD</stitle><date>2009-10-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1864</spage><epage>1868</epage><pages>1864-1868</pages><issn>0885-8977</issn><eissn>1937-4208</eissn><coden>ITPDE5</coden><abstract>Digital relays traditionally employ sampling rates of less than 100 samples/cycle. In order to avoid aliasing due to fault transients, these relays employ an analog antialiasing filter before critical-sampling (Nyquist rate) the input waveforms coming from instrument transformers. In many applications of electrical engineering, oversampling (greater than the Nyquist rate) has long been used to simplify the requirements of an antialiasing filter with a sharp cutoff; in some cases, the filter can even be eliminated. This paper investigates this option for a digital relay. The performance of a traditional digital relay is compared with a method that uses oversampling without using an antialiasing filter. By processing a comprehensive array of fault waveforms from Electromagnetic Transients Program simulations, a suitable oversampling rate is suggested. A comparison of phasor estimates using the traditional relay and the proposed method is made for different operating and fault conditions. The results suggest that oversampling can eliminate the antialiasing filter traditionally employed in digital relays.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2028802</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aliasing Analog-digital conversion analog-to-digital converter (ADC) Applied sciences Arrays Capacitors. Resistors. Filters Connection and protection apparatus Digital Digital filters digital relay Digital relays discrete Fourier transform (DFT) Discrete Fourier transforms Disturbances. Regulation. Protection Electrical engineering Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering Electrical power engineering Exact sciences and technology Faults Frequency estimation Oversampling Phasors Power networks and lines power system protection Power system relaying Power system transients Protective relaying Sampling Sampling methods Various equipment and components Voltage Waveforms |
| title | Investigating the Option of Removing the Antialiasing Filter From Digital Relays |
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