Epigenetic control of vasopressin expression is maintained by steroid hormones in the adult male rat brain
Although some DNA methylation patterns are altered by steroid hormone exposure in the developing brain, less is known about how changes in steroid hormone levels influence DNA methylation patterns in the adult brain. Steroid hormones act in the adult brain to regulate gene expression. Specifically,...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2011-03, Vol.108 (10), p.4242-4247 |
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description | Although some DNA methylation patterns are altered by steroid hormone exposure in the developing brain, less is known about how changes in steroid hormone levels influence DNA methylation patterns in the adult brain. Steroid hormones act in the adult brain to regulate gene expression. Specifically, the expression of the socially relevant peptide vasopressin (AVP) within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) of adult brain is dependent upon testosterone exposure. Castration dramatically reduces and testosterone replacement restores AVP expression within the BST. As decreases in mRNA expression are associated with increases in DNA promoter methylation, we explored the hypothesis that AVP expression in the adult brain is maintained through sustained epigenetic modifications of the AVP gene promoter. We find that castration of adult male rats resulted in decreased AVP mRNA expression and increased methylation of specific CpG sites within the AVP promoter in the BST. Similarly, castration significantly increased estrogen receptor α (ERα) mRNA expression and decreased ERα promoter methylation within the BST. These changes were prevented by testosterone replacement. This suggests that the DNA promoter methylation status of some steroid responsive genes in the adult brain is actively maintained by the presence of circulating steroid hormones. The maintenance of methylated or demethylated states of some genes in the adult brain by the presence of steroid hormones may play a role in the homeostatic regulation of behaviorally relevant systems. |
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Steroid hormones act in the adult brain to regulate gene expression. Specifically, the expression of the socially relevant peptide vasopressin (AVP) within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) of adult brain is dependent upon testosterone exposure. Castration dramatically reduces and testosterone replacement restores AVP expression within the BST. As decreases in mRNA expression are associated with increases in DNA promoter methylation, we explored the hypothesis that AVP expression in the adult brain is maintained through sustained epigenetic modifications of the AVP gene promoter. We find that castration of adult male rats resulted in decreased AVP mRNA expression and increased methylation of specific CpG sites within the AVP promoter in the BST. Similarly, castration significantly increased estrogen receptor α (ERα) mRNA expression and decreased ERα promoter methylation within the BST. These changes were prevented by testosterone replacement. This suggests that the DNA promoter methylation status of some steroid responsive genes in the adult brain is actively maintained by the presence of circulating steroid hormones. The maintenance of methylated or demethylated states of some genes in the adult brain by the presence of steroid hormones may play a role in the homeostatic regulation of behaviorally relevant systems.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1100314108</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21368111</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Academy of Sciences</publisher><subject>Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin - genetics ; Arginine Vasopressin - metabolism ; Argipressin ; Base Sequence ; bed nucleus ; Biological Sciences ; Brain ; Brain - metabolism ; Castration ; CpG islands ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; DNA Methylation ; Enzymes ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Epigenetics ; Estrogen Receptor alpha - genetics ; Estrogen receptors ; Estrogens ; Gene expression ; Gene expression regulation ; Homeostasis ; Hormonal regulation ; Hormones ; Hormones - metabolism ; Male ; Males ; Messenger RNA ; Methylation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Orchiectomy ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Promoters ; Rats ; RNA, Messenger - genetics ; Rodents ; Steroid hormones ; Steroids ; Steroids - metabolism ; Stria terminalis ; Testosterone ; Vasopressin</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2011-03, Vol.108 (10), p.4242-4247</ispartof><rights>Copyright National Academy of Sciences Mar 8, 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c587t-a205d3e1954abe0fd0b8f88326d1af1edd2749e1d9080c7000ef2b973e7779e83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c587t-a205d3e1954abe0fd0b8f88326d1af1edd2749e1d9080c7000ef2b973e7779e83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/108/10.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41061091$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/41061091$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,803,885,27924,27925,53791,53793,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21368111$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Auger, Catherine J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coss, Dylan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Auger, Anthony P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forbes-Lorman, Robin M</creatorcontrib><title>Epigenetic control of vasopressin expression is maintained by steroid hormones in the adult male rat brain</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>Although some DNA methylation patterns are altered by steroid hormone exposure in the developing brain, less is known about how changes in steroid hormone levels influence DNA methylation patterns in the adult brain. Steroid hormones act in the adult brain to regulate gene expression. Specifically, the expression of the socially relevant peptide vasopressin (AVP) within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) of adult brain is dependent upon testosterone exposure. Castration dramatically reduces and testosterone replacement restores AVP expression within the BST. As decreases in mRNA expression are associated with increases in DNA promoter methylation, we explored the hypothesis that AVP expression in the adult brain is maintained through sustained epigenetic modifications of the AVP gene promoter. We find that castration of adult male rats resulted in decreased AVP mRNA expression and increased methylation of specific CpG sites within the AVP promoter in the BST. Similarly, castration significantly increased estrogen receptor α (ERα) mRNA expression and decreased ERα promoter methylation within the BST. These changes were prevented by testosterone replacement. This suggests that the DNA promoter methylation status of some steroid responsive genes in the adult brain is actively maintained by the presence of circulating steroid hormones. The maintenance of methylated or demethylated states of some genes in the adult brain by the presence of steroid hormones may play a role in the homeostatic regulation of behaviorally relevant systems.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Arginine Vasopressin - genetics</subject><subject>Arginine Vasopressin - metabolism</subject><subject>Argipressin</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>bed nucleus</subject><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Brain - metabolism</subject><subject>Castration</subject><subject>CpG islands</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA Methylation</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Epigenesis, Genetic</subject><subject>Epigenetics</subject><subject>Estrogen Receptor alpha - genetics</subject><subject>Estrogen receptors</subject><subject>Estrogens</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene expression regulation</subject><subject>Homeostasis</subject><subject>Hormonal regulation</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>Hormones - metabolism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Messenger RNA</subject><subject>Methylation</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Orchiectomy</subject><subject>Promoter Regions, Genetic</subject><subject>Promoters</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - genetics</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Steroid hormones</subject><subject>Steroids</subject><subject>Steroids - metabolism</subject><subject>Stria terminalis</subject><subject>Testosterone</subject><subject>Vasopressin</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFks2LFDEQxYMo7jh69qQGL556t5L0R3IRZFk_YMGD7jmkO9UzGbqTNulZ3P_eNDPOqBcJIYH86lEvrwh5yeCSQSOuJm_SJWMAgpUM5COyYqBYUZcKHpMVAG8KWfLygjxLaQcAqpLwlFxwJmrJGFuR3c3kNuhxdh3tgp9jGGjo6b1JYYqYkvMUfx5uwVOX6Gicn_NGS9sHmmaMwVm6DXEMHhPN_LxFaux-mDM7II1mpm3MFc_Jk94MCV8czzW5-3jz_fpzcfv105frD7dFV8lmLgyHygpkqipNi9BbaGUvpeC1ZaZnaC1vSoXMKpDQNdkU9rxVjcCmaRRKsSbvD7rTvh3RdphdmUFP0Y0mPuhgnP77xbut3oR7LaASSrIs8O4oEMOPPaZZjy51OAzGY9gnraAs6zo3-19SVnUJiiuRybf_kLuwjz7_wwLVlVjWmlwdoC6GlCL2p6YZ6CVvveStz3nnitd_ej3xvwPOwJsjsFSe5eQimSeDZ-LVgdilOcQTkuXrZZbOCr0J2myiS_ruGwcmIEeUsyrFL0NhxR0</recordid><startdate>20110308</startdate><enddate>20110308</enddate><creator>Auger, Catherine J</creator><creator>Coss, Dylan</creator><creator>Auger, Anthony P</creator><creator>Forbes-Lorman, Robin M</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110308</creationdate><title>Epigenetic control of vasopressin expression is maintained by steroid hormones in the adult male rat brain</title><author>Auger, Catherine J ; Coss, Dylan ; Auger, Anthony P ; Forbes-Lorman, Robin M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c587t-a205d3e1954abe0fd0b8f88326d1af1edd2749e1d9080c7000ef2b973e7779e83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Arginine Vasopressin - genetics</topic><topic>Arginine Vasopressin - metabolism</topic><topic>Argipressin</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>bed nucleus</topic><topic>Biological Sciences</topic><topic>Brain</topic><topic>Brain - metabolism</topic><topic>Castration</topic><topic>CpG islands</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA Methylation</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Epigenesis, Genetic</topic><topic>Epigenetics</topic><topic>Estrogen Receptor alpha - genetics</topic><topic>Estrogen receptors</topic><topic>Estrogens</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene expression regulation</topic><topic>Homeostasis</topic><topic>Hormonal regulation</topic><topic>Hormones</topic><topic>Hormones - metabolism</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>Messenger RNA</topic><topic>Methylation</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Orchiectomy</topic><topic>Promoter Regions, Genetic</topic><topic>Promoters</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - genetics</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>Steroid hormones</topic><topic>Steroids</topic><topic>Steroids - metabolism</topic><topic>Stria terminalis</topic><topic>Testosterone</topic><topic>Vasopressin</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Auger, Catherine J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coss, Dylan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Auger, Anthony P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forbes-Lorman, Robin M</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Auger, Catherine J</au><au>Coss, Dylan</au><au>Auger, Anthony P</au><au>Forbes-Lorman, Robin M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Epigenetic control of vasopressin expression is maintained by steroid hormones in the adult male rat brain</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>2011-03-08</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>108</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>4242</spage><epage>4247</epage><pages>4242-4247</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><abstract>Although some DNA methylation patterns are altered by steroid hormone exposure in the developing brain, less is known about how changes in steroid hormone levels influence DNA methylation patterns in the adult brain. Steroid hormones act in the adult brain to regulate gene expression. Specifically, the expression of the socially relevant peptide vasopressin (AVP) within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) of adult brain is dependent upon testosterone exposure. Castration dramatically reduces and testosterone replacement restores AVP expression within the BST. As decreases in mRNA expression are associated with increases in DNA promoter methylation, we explored the hypothesis that AVP expression in the adult brain is maintained through sustained epigenetic modifications of the AVP gene promoter. We find that castration of adult male rats resulted in decreased AVP mRNA expression and increased methylation of specific CpG sites within the AVP promoter in the BST. Similarly, castration significantly increased estrogen receptor α (ERα) mRNA expression and decreased ERα promoter methylation within the BST. These changes were prevented by testosterone replacement. This suggests that the DNA promoter methylation status of some steroid responsive genes in the adult brain is actively maintained by the presence of circulating steroid hormones. The maintenance of methylated or demethylated states of some genes in the adult brain by the presence of steroid hormones may play a role in the homeostatic regulation of behaviorally relevant systems.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences</pub><pmid>21368111</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.1100314108</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Arginine Vasopressin - genetics Arginine Vasopressin - metabolism Argipressin Base Sequence bed nucleus Biological Sciences Brain Brain - metabolism Castration CpG islands Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA Methylation Enzymes Epigenesis, Genetic Epigenetics Estrogen Receptor alpha - genetics Estrogen receptors Estrogens Gene expression Gene expression regulation Homeostasis Hormonal regulation Hormones Hormones - metabolism Male Males Messenger RNA Methylation Molecular Sequence Data Orchiectomy Promoter Regions, Genetic Promoters Rats RNA, Messenger - genetics Rodents Steroid hormones Steroids Steroids - metabolism Stria terminalis Testosterone Vasopressin |
title | Epigenetic control of vasopressin expression is maintained by steroid hormones in the adult male rat brain |
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