Release and Oxidation of Cell-Bound Saxitoxins during Chlorination of Anabaena circinalis Cells

Surface water sources are increasingly subject to proliferation of toxic cyanobacteria. Direct chlorination of source water containing toxic cyanobacterial cells for different treatment purposes might cause cell damage and toxin release. There is limited information available on chlorination of saxi...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Environmental science & technology 2010-12, Vol.44 (23), p.9055-9061
Hauptverfasser:	Zamyadi, Arash, Ho, Lionel, Newcombe, Gayle, Daly, Robert I, Burch, Mike, Baker, Peter, Prévost, Michèle
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Anabaena - drug effects Anabaena - metabolism Anabaena - pathogenicity Applied sciences Bacteria Cells Chlorine Disinfection Exact sciences and technology Halogenation Oxidation Oxidation-Reduction Pollution Remediation and Control Technologies Saxitoxin - analysis Saxitoxin - metabolism Saxitoxin - toxicity Toxins Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Purification Water treatment
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container_title	Environmental science & technology
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creator	Zamyadi, Arash Ho, Lionel Newcombe, Gayle Daly, Robert I Burch, Mike Baker, Peter Prévost, Michèle
description	Surface water sources are increasingly subject to proliferation of toxic cyanobacteria. Direct chlorination of source water containing toxic cyanobacterial cells for different treatment purposes might cause cell damage and toxin release. There is limited information available on chlorination of saxitoxins (STXs: saxitoxin, C-toxins, and gonyautoxins) produced by Anabaena circinalis. This work: (1) investigated the impact of chlorination on cell lysis and toxin/odor compound release in natural waters; (2) assessed the rates of chlorination of total STXs, and (3) estimated apparent rate constants for STX oxidation in ultrapure and natural waters. With a chlorine exposure (CT) value of 7.0 mg.min/L all cells lost viability causing toxin release. Cell-membrane damage occurred faster than released STXs oxidation. All saxitoxin and more than 95% of other STX analogues were subsequently oxidized. Kinetic analysis of the oxidation of STX analogues revealed significant differences in the susceptibility to chlorine, saxitoxin being the easiest to oxidize. Also, concentrations of trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, and N-nitrosodimethylamine as chlorination byproducts were respectively
doi_str_mv	10.1021/es102130b
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Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>Surface water sources are increasingly subject to proliferation of toxic cyanobacteria. Direct chlorination of source water containing toxic cyanobacterial cells for different treatment purposes might cause cell damage and toxin release. There is limited information available on chlorination of saxitoxins (STXs: saxitoxin, C-toxins, and gonyautoxins) produced by Anabaena circinalis. This work: (1) investigated the impact of chlorination on cell lysis and toxin/odor compound release in natural waters; (2) assessed the rates of chlorination of total STXs, and (3) estimated apparent rate constants for STX oxidation in ultrapure and natural waters. With a chlorine exposure (CT) value of 7.0 mg.min/L all cells lost viability causing toxin release. Cell-membrane damage occurred faster than released STXs oxidation. All saxitoxin and more than 95% of other STX analogues were subsequently oxidized. 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subjects	Anabaena - drug effects Anabaena - metabolism Anabaena - pathogenicity Applied sciences Bacteria Cells Chlorine Disinfection Exact sciences and technology Halogenation Oxidation Oxidation-Reduction Pollution Remediation and Control Technologies Saxitoxin - analysis Saxitoxin - metabolism Saxitoxin - toxicity Toxins Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Purification Water treatment
title	Release and Oxidation of Cell-Bound Saxitoxins during Chlorination of Anabaena circinalis Cells
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