A non-invasive measurement of phloem and xylem water flow in castor bean seedlings by nuclear magnetic resonance microimaging
A flow-sensitive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microimaging technique was applied to measure directly the in-vivo water flow in 6-d-old castor bean seedlings. The achieved in-plane resolution of the technique allowed discrimination between xylem and phloem water flow. Both the xylem- and the phlo...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Planta 1997-01, Vol.201 (1), p.53-63 |
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| creator | Koeckenberger, W Pope, J.M Xia, Y Jeffrey, K.R Komor, E Callaghan, P.T. (Bayreuth Univ. (Germany). Pflanzenphysiologie) |
| description | A flow-sensitive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microimaging technique was applied to measure directly the in-vivo water flow in 6-d-old castor bean seedlings. The achieved in-plane resolution of the technique allowed discrimination between xylem and phloem water flow. Both the xylem- and the phloem-average flow velocities in the intact seedling could be quantified. Furthermore, the total conductive cross-sectional area of the xylem vessels and the phloem sieve elements could be determined using the non-invasive and non-destructive NMR microimaging technique. Hence, it was possible to calculate the in-vivo volume flow rates for both xylem and phloem water flow. Our non-destructive technique showed that previously used methods to measure phloem water flow affected the flow rate itself. In the intact seedlings we found values of 16.6 μl·h-1, two fold lower than those previously estimated from phloem exudation rates. Finally, our results demonstrate for the first time that water is internally circulated between phloem and xylem, and that water flow within the xylem is maintained by this internally circulated water, even in the absence of any significant transpiration or evaporation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/BF01258680 |
| format | Article |
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Our non-destructive technique showed that previously used methods to measure phloem water flow affected the flow rate itself. In the intact seedlings we found values of 16.6 μl·h-1, two fold lower than those previously estimated from phloem exudation rates. Finally, our results demonstrate for the first time that water is internally circulated between phloem and xylem, and that water flow within the xylem is maintained by this internally circulated water, even in the absence of any significant transpiration or evaporation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0032-0935</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-2048</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/BF01258680</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PLANAB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>AGUA ; Average flow ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cotyledons ; EAU ; Endosperm ; Evaporation ; FISIOLOGIA VEGETAL ; FLOEMA ; Flow rates ; Flow velocity ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Hypocotyls ; METHODE ; METHODS ; METODOS ; NMR ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; PHLOEM ; PHLOEME ; PHYSIOLOGIE VEGETALE ; PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ; Plant physiology and development ; PLANT WATER RELATIONS ; PLANTULAS ; PLANTULE ; RELACIONES PLANTA AGUA ; RELATION PLANTE EAU ; RICINUS COMMUNIS ; SEEDLINGS ; Sieve tubes ; TECHNIQUE DES TRACEURS ; TECNICAS DE TRAZADORES ; TRACER TECHNIQUES ; TRANSPIRACION ; TRANSPIRATION ; Wasserhaushalt (Pflanze) ; WATER ; Water and solutes. 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(Bayreuth Univ. (Germany). Pflanzenphysiologie)</creatorcontrib><title>A non-invasive measurement of phloem and xylem water flow in castor bean seedlings by nuclear magnetic resonance microimaging</title><title>Planta</title><description>A flow-sensitive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microimaging technique was applied to measure directly the in-vivo water flow in 6-d-old castor bean seedlings. The achieved in-plane resolution of the technique allowed discrimination between xylem and phloem water flow. Both the xylem- and the phloem-average flow velocities in the intact seedling could be quantified. Furthermore, the total conductive cross-sectional area of the xylem vessels and the phloem sieve elements could be determined using the non-invasive and non-destructive NMR microimaging technique. Hence, it was possible to calculate the in-vivo volume flow rates for both xylem and phloem water flow. Our non-destructive technique showed that previously used methods to measure phloem water flow affected the flow rate itself. In the intact seedlings we found values of 16.6 μl·h-1, two fold lower than those previously estimated from phloem exudation rates. Finally, our results demonstrate for the first time that water is internally circulated between phloem and xylem, and that water flow within the xylem is maintained by this internally circulated water, even in the absence of any significant transpiration or evaporation.</description><subject>AGUA</subject><subject>Average flow</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cotyledons</subject><subject>EAU</subject><subject>Endosperm</subject><subject>Evaporation</subject><subject>FISIOLOGIA VEGETAL</subject><subject>FLOEMA</subject><subject>Flow rates</subject><subject>Flow velocity</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Hypocotyls</subject><subject>METHODE</subject><subject>METHODS</subject><subject>METODOS</subject><subject>NMR</subject><subject>Nuclear magnetic resonance</subject><subject>PHLOEM</subject><subject>PHLOEME</subject><subject>PHYSIOLOGIE VEGETALE</subject><subject>PLANT PHYSIOLOGY</subject><subject>Plant physiology and development</subject><subject>PLANT WATER RELATIONS</subject><subject>PLANTULAS</subject><subject>PLANTULE</subject><subject>RELACIONES PLANTA AGUA</subject><subject>RELATION PLANTE EAU</subject><subject>RICINUS COMMUNIS</subject><subject>SEEDLINGS</subject><subject>Sieve tubes</subject><subject>TECHNIQUE DES TRACEURS</subject><subject>TECNICAS DE TRAZADORES</subject><subject>TRACER TECHNIQUES</subject><subject>TRANSPIRACION</subject><subject>TRANSPIRATION</subject><subject>Wasserhaushalt (Pflanze)</subject><subject>WATER</subject><subject>Water and solutes. Absorption, translocation and permeability</subject><subject>Water flow</subject><subject>XILEMA</subject><subject>XYLEM</subject><subject>XYLEME</subject><issn>0032-0935</issn><issn>1432-2048</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1997</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpFkM1rGzEQxUVpoK7TS4-Fgig5BTaRVtqVdHS-A4Fc0vMyqx25a9aSK63t-JD_PTIOsS4aeD-9eXqE_OTsgjOmLq_uGC8rXWv2hUy4FGVRMqm_kgljeWZGVN_I95QWjGVRqQl5m1EffNH7DaR-g3SJkNYRl-hHGhxd_RsCLin4jr7uhjxtYcRI3RC2tPfUQhpDpC2CpwmxG3o_T7TdUb-2A0KkS5h7HHtLI6bgwdu8obcx9FnI7Ck5cTAk_PFxT8nfu9uX64fi6fn-8Xr2VFhR1mPBjaq4krpyndWGd9B13LDWoagZOjAA0AqjWqa1NFaWSnZGoXG1s-gkb8WU_Dn4rmL4v8Y0Nouwjj6vbHTJtFJaigydH6CcL6WIrlnFnDPuGs6afbvNsd0Mn304QrIwuJj_1qfPF2WVj64y9vuALfZFHWUhclKxt_l10B2EBuYxW9zcGnUvJa_FO-WBjM4</recordid><startdate>19970101</startdate><enddate>19970101</enddate><creator>Koeckenberger, W</creator><creator>Pope, J.M</creator><creator>Xia, Y</creator><creator>Jeffrey, K.R</creator><creator>Komor, E</creator><creator>Callaghan, P.T. 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(Bayreuth Univ. (Germany). Pflanzenphysiologie)</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A non-invasive measurement of phloem and xylem water flow in castor bean seedlings by nuclear magnetic resonance microimaging</atitle><jtitle>Planta</jtitle><date>1997-01-01</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>201</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>53</spage><epage>63</epage><pages>53-63</pages><issn>0032-0935</issn><eissn>1432-2048</eissn><coden>PLANAB</coden><abstract>A flow-sensitive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microimaging technique was applied to measure directly the in-vivo water flow in 6-d-old castor bean seedlings. The achieved in-plane resolution of the technique allowed discrimination between xylem and phloem water flow. Both the xylem- and the phloem-average flow velocities in the intact seedling could be quantified. Furthermore, the total conductive cross-sectional area of the xylem vessels and the phloem sieve elements could be determined using the non-invasive and non-destructive NMR microimaging technique. Hence, it was possible to calculate the in-vivo volume flow rates for both xylem and phloem water flow. Our non-destructive technique showed that previously used methods to measure phloem water flow affected the flow rate itself. In the intact seedlings we found values of 16.6 μl·h-1, two fold lower than those previously estimated from phloem exudation rates. Finally, our results demonstrate for the first time that water is internally circulated between phloem and xylem, and that water flow within the xylem is maintained by this internally circulated water, even in the absence of any significant transpiration or evaporation.</abstract><cop>Berlin</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><doi>10.1007/BF01258680</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Planta, 1997-01, Vol.201 (1), p.53-63 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Jstor Complete Legacy; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | AGUA Average flow Biological and medical sciences Cotyledons EAU Endosperm Evaporation FISIOLOGIA VEGETAL FLOEMA Flow rates Flow velocity Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hypocotyls METHODE METHODS METODOS NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance PHLOEM PHLOEME PHYSIOLOGIE VEGETALE PLANT PHYSIOLOGY Plant physiology and development PLANT WATER RELATIONS PLANTULAS PLANTULE RELACIONES PLANTA AGUA RELATION PLANTE EAU RICINUS COMMUNIS SEEDLINGS Sieve tubes TECHNIQUE DES TRACEURS TECNICAS DE TRAZADORES TRACER TECHNIQUES TRANSPIRACION TRANSPIRATION Wasserhaushalt (Pflanze) WATER Water and solutes. Absorption, translocation and permeability Water flow XILEMA XYLEM XYLEME |
| title | A non-invasive measurement of phloem and xylem water flow in castor bean seedlings by nuclear magnetic resonance microimaging |
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