Vertical stratification of physical, chemical and biological components in two saline lakes Shira and Shunet (South Siberia, Russia)

A feature of meromictic lakes is that several physicochemical and biological gradients affect the vertical distribution of different organisms. The vertical stratification of physical, chemical and biological components in saline, fishless meromictic lakes Shira and Shunet (Siberia, Russia) is quite...

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Veröffentlicht in:Aquatic ecology 2010-09, Vol.44 (3), p.619-632
Hauptverfasser: Degermendzhy, Andrey G, Zadereev, Egor S, Rogozin, Denis Yu, Prokopkin, Igor G, Barkhatov, Yuri V, Tolomeev, Alexander P, Khromechek, Elena B, Janse, Jan H, Mooij, Wolf M, Gulati, Ramesh D
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container_issue 3
container_start_page 619
container_title Aquatic ecology
container_volume 44
creator Degermendzhy, Andrey G
Zadereev, Egor S
Rogozin, Denis Yu
Prokopkin, Igor G
Barkhatov, Yuri V
Tolomeev, Alexander P
Khromechek, Elena B
Janse, Jan H
Mooij, Wolf M
Gulati, Ramesh D
description A feature of meromictic lakes is that several physicochemical and biological gradients affect the vertical distribution of different organisms. The vertical stratification of physical, chemical and biological components in saline, fishless meromictic lakes Shira and Shunet (Siberia, Russia) is quite different mainly because both mean depth and maximum depth of lakes differ as well as their salinity levels differ. The chemocline of the Lake Shira, as in many meromictic lakes, is inhabited by bacterial community consisting of purple sulphur and heterotrophic bacteria. As the depth of the chemocline is variable, the bacterial community does not attain high densities. The mixolimnion in Lake Shira, which is thermally stratified in summer, also creates different habitat for various species. The distribution of phytoplankton is non-uniform with its biomass peak in the metalimnion. The distribution of zooplankton is also heterogeneous with rotifers and juvenile copepods inhabiting the warmer epilimnion and older copepods found in the cold but oxic hypolimnion. The amphipod Gammarus lacustris which can be assigned to the higher trophic link in the fishless lake's ecosystem, such as Lake Shira, is also distributed non-uniformly, with its peak density generally observed in the thermocline region. The chemocline in Lake Shunet is located at the depth of 5 m, and unlike in Lake Shira, due to a sharp salinity gradient between the mixolimnion and monimolimnion, this depth is very stable. The mixolimnion in Lake Shunet is relatively shallow and the chemocline is inhabited by (1) an extremely dense bacterial community; (2) a population of Cryptomonas sp.; and (3) ciliate community comprising several species. As the mixolimnion of Lake Shunet is not thermally stratified for long period, the phytoplankton and zooplankton populations are not vertically stratified. The gammarids, however, tend to concentrate in a narrow layer located 1-2 m above the chemocline. We believe that in addition to vertical inhomogeneities of both physicochemical parameters, biological and physical factors also play a role in maintaining these inhomogeneities. We conclude that the stratified distributions of the major food web components will have several implications for ecosystem structure and dynamics. Trophic interactions as well as mass and energy flows can be significantly impacted by such heterogeneous distributions. Species spatially separated even by relatively short distances, say a few ce
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The vertical stratification of physical, chemical and biological components in saline, fishless meromictic lakes Shira and Shunet (Siberia, Russia) is quite different mainly because both mean depth and maximum depth of lakes differ as well as their salinity levels differ. The chemocline of the Lake Shira, as in many meromictic lakes, is inhabited by bacterial community consisting of purple sulphur and heterotrophic bacteria. As the depth of the chemocline is variable, the bacterial community does not attain high densities. The mixolimnion in Lake Shira, which is thermally stratified in summer, also creates different habitat for various species. The distribution of phytoplankton is non-uniform with its biomass peak in the metalimnion. The distribution of zooplankton is also heterogeneous with rotifers and juvenile copepods inhabiting the warmer epilimnion and older copepods found in the cold but oxic hypolimnion. The amphipod Gammarus lacustris which can be assigned to the higher trophic link in the fishless lake's ecosystem, such as Lake Shira, is also distributed non-uniformly, with its peak density generally observed in the thermocline region. The chemocline in Lake Shunet is located at the depth of 5 m, and unlike in Lake Shira, due to a sharp salinity gradient between the mixolimnion and monimolimnion, this depth is very stable. The mixolimnion in Lake Shunet is relatively shallow and the chemocline is inhabited by (1) an extremely dense bacterial community; (2) a population of Cryptomonas sp.; and (3) ciliate community comprising several species. As the mixolimnion of Lake Shunet is not thermally stratified for long period, the phytoplankton and zooplankton populations are not vertically stratified. The gammarids, however, tend to concentrate in a narrow layer located 1-2 m above the chemocline. We believe that in addition to vertical inhomogeneities of both physicochemical parameters, biological and physical factors also play a role in maintaining these inhomogeneities. We conclude that the stratified distributions of the major food web components will have several implications for ecosystem structure and dynamics. Trophic interactions as well as mass and energy flows can be significantly impacted by such heterogeneous distributions. Species spatially separated even by relatively short distances, say a few centimetres will not directly compete. Importantly, we demonstrate that not only bacteria, phytoflagellates and ciliate tend to concentrate in thin layers but also larger-sized species such Gammarus (amphipods) can also under certain environmental conditions have stratified distribution with maxima in relatively thin layer. 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The vertical stratification of physical, chemical and biological components in saline, fishless meromictic lakes Shira and Shunet (Siberia, Russia) is quite different mainly because both mean depth and maximum depth of lakes differ as well as their salinity levels differ. The chemocline of the Lake Shira, as in many meromictic lakes, is inhabited by bacterial community consisting of purple sulphur and heterotrophic bacteria. As the depth of the chemocline is variable, the bacterial community does not attain high densities. The mixolimnion in Lake Shira, which is thermally stratified in summer, also creates different habitat for various species. The distribution of phytoplankton is non-uniform with its biomass peak in the metalimnion. The distribution of zooplankton is also heterogeneous with rotifers and juvenile copepods inhabiting the warmer epilimnion and older copepods found in the cold but oxic hypolimnion. The amphipod Gammarus lacustris which can be assigned to the higher trophic link in the fishless lake's ecosystem, such as Lake Shira, is also distributed non-uniformly, with its peak density generally observed in the thermocline region. The chemocline in Lake Shunet is located at the depth of 5 m, and unlike in Lake Shira, due to a sharp salinity gradient between the mixolimnion and monimolimnion, this depth is very stable. The mixolimnion in Lake Shunet is relatively shallow and the chemocline is inhabited by (1) an extremely dense bacterial community; (2) a population of Cryptomonas sp.; and (3) ciliate community comprising several species. As the mixolimnion of Lake Shunet is not thermally stratified for long period, the phytoplankton and zooplankton populations are not vertically stratified. The gammarids, however, tend to concentrate in a narrow layer located 1-2 m above the chemocline. We believe that in addition to vertical inhomogeneities of both physicochemical parameters, biological and physical factors also play a role in maintaining these inhomogeneities. We conclude that the stratified distributions of the major food web components will have several implications for ecosystem structure and dynamics. Trophic interactions as well as mass and energy flows can be significantly impacted by such heterogeneous distributions. Species spatially separated even by relatively short distances, say a few centimetres will not directly compete. Importantly, we demonstrate that not only bacteria, phytoflagellates and ciliate tend to concentrate in thin layers but also larger-sized species such Gammarus (amphipods) can also under certain environmental conditions have stratified distribution with maxima in relatively thin layer. As the vertical structure of the lake ecosystem is rather complex in such stratified lakes as ours, the strategy of research, including sampling techniques, should consider potentially variable and non-homogeneous distributions.</description><subject>Aquatic ecosystems</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Chemocline</subject><subject>Ciliophora</subject><subject>Cryptomonas</subject><subject>Ecosystem structure</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Environmental conditions</subject><subject>Epilimnion</subject><subject>Fishless lakes</subject><subject>Freshwater &amp; Marine Ecology</subject><subject>Gammarus</subject><subject>Hypolimnion</subject><subject>Lakes</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>mathematical models</subject><subject>Meromictic lakes</subject><subject>Metalimnion</subject><subject>Mixolimnion</subject><subject>Monimolimnion</subject><subject>Physicochemical properties</subject><subject>Phytoplankton</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Salt lakes</subject><subject>Stratification</subject><subject>Sulfur compounds</subject><subject>Sulphur bacteria</subject><subject>Thermocline</subject><subject>Trophic relationships</subject><subject>Vertical distribution</subject><subject>Water depth</subject><subject>Zooplankton</subject><issn>1386-2588</issn><issn>1573-5125</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU2P1SAUhhujiePVH-BK4kqT6cgBSulyMvErmcTEOm7JuZTeMvbCFWjM7P3h0lsTd4YFB3gfzsdbVS-BXgGl7bsEVDSspkDrjnNZy0fVBTQtrxtgzeMScyVr1ij1tHqW0j2ltKMtu6h-f7cxO4MzSTlidmOJswuehJGcpoe0Pl0SM9njWYR-IHsX5nA4H004noK3PifiPMm_Akk4O2_JjD9sIv3kIp6Zflq8zeRNH5Y8kd7tbXR4Sb4uKTl8-7x6MuKc7Iu_-666-_D-282n-vbLx88317e1EQxyrdpRKNEOnegGvpdM8paBBKRgZQuwl8gMU2oAWfo0LUMsakFRGNsJ5ILvqtfbv6cYfi42ZX0fluhLSt02FDijQhbR1SY64Gy182MogzFlDesMSrejK_fXnHWgGBRqV8EGmBhSinbUp-iOGB80UL2aozdzdDFHr-boNQnbmFS0_mDjv0r-B73aoBGDxkN0Sd_1rFRAQamm4cD_AA-mmk8</recordid><startdate>20100901</startdate><enddate>20100901</enddate><creator>Degermendzhy, Andrey G</creator><creator>Zadereev, Egor S</creator><creator>Rogozin, Denis Yu</creator><creator>Prokopkin, Igor G</creator><creator>Barkhatov, Yuri V</creator><creator>Tolomeev, Alexander P</creator><creator>Khromechek, Elena B</creator><creator>Janse, Jan H</creator><creator>Mooij, Wolf M</creator><creator>Gulati, Ramesh D</creator><general>Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>C6C</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100901</creationdate><title>Vertical stratification of physical, chemical and biological components in two saline lakes Shira and Shunet (South Siberia, Russia)</title><author>Degermendzhy, Andrey G ; 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The vertical stratification of physical, chemical and biological components in saline, fishless meromictic lakes Shira and Shunet (Siberia, Russia) is quite different mainly because both mean depth and maximum depth of lakes differ as well as their salinity levels differ. The chemocline of the Lake Shira, as in many meromictic lakes, is inhabited by bacterial community consisting of purple sulphur and heterotrophic bacteria. As the depth of the chemocline is variable, the bacterial community does not attain high densities. The mixolimnion in Lake Shira, which is thermally stratified in summer, also creates different habitat for various species. The distribution of phytoplankton is non-uniform with its biomass peak in the metalimnion. The distribution of zooplankton is also heterogeneous with rotifers and juvenile copepods inhabiting the warmer epilimnion and older copepods found in the cold but oxic hypolimnion. The amphipod Gammarus lacustris which can be assigned to the higher trophic link in the fishless lake's ecosystem, such as Lake Shira, is also distributed non-uniformly, with its peak density generally observed in the thermocline region. The chemocline in Lake Shunet is located at the depth of 5 m, and unlike in Lake Shira, due to a sharp salinity gradient between the mixolimnion and monimolimnion, this depth is very stable. The mixolimnion in Lake Shunet is relatively shallow and the chemocline is inhabited by (1) an extremely dense bacterial community; (2) a population of Cryptomonas sp.; and (3) ciliate community comprising several species. As the mixolimnion of Lake Shunet is not thermally stratified for long period, the phytoplankton and zooplankton populations are not vertically stratified. The gammarids, however, tend to concentrate in a narrow layer located 1-2 m above the chemocline. We believe that in addition to vertical inhomogeneities of both physicochemical parameters, biological and physical factors also play a role in maintaining these inhomogeneities. We conclude that the stratified distributions of the major food web components will have several implications for ecosystem structure and dynamics. Trophic interactions as well as mass and energy flows can be significantly impacted by such heterogeneous distributions. Species spatially separated even by relatively short distances, say a few centimetres will not directly compete. Importantly, we demonstrate that not only bacteria, phytoflagellates and ciliate tend to concentrate in thin layers but also larger-sized species such Gammarus (amphipods) can also under certain environmental conditions have stratified distribution with maxima in relatively thin layer. As the vertical structure of the lake ecosystem is rather complex in such stratified lakes as ours, the strategy of research, including sampling techniques, should consider potentially variable and non-homogeneous distributions.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s10452-010-9336-6</doi><tpages>14</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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ispartof Aquatic ecology, 2010-09, Vol.44 (3), p.619-632
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1573-5125
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_journals_750132046
source SpringerNature Journals
subjects Aquatic ecosystems
Bacteria
Biochemistry
Biomass
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Chemocline
Ciliophora
Cryptomonas
Ecosystem structure
Ecosystems
Environmental conditions
Epilimnion
Fishless lakes
Freshwater & Marine Ecology
Gammarus
Hypolimnion
Lakes
Life Sciences
mathematical models
Meromictic lakes
Metalimnion
Mixolimnion
Monimolimnion
Physicochemical properties
Phytoplankton
Salinity
Salt lakes
Stratification
Sulfur compounds
Sulphur bacteria
Thermocline
Trophic relationships
Vertical distribution
Water depth
Zooplankton
title Vertical stratification of physical, chemical and biological components in two saline lakes Shira and Shunet (South Siberia, Russia)
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