Permo–Triassic unconformity-related Au-Pd mineralisation, South Devon, UK: new insights and the European perspective
An integrated mineralogical-geochemical study of unconformity-related Au-Pd occurrences within and around the Permo-Triassic basins of southwest England, UK, has confirmed the importance of low temperature (86±13°C), hydrothermal carbonate veins as hosts for the mineralisation. Fluid inclusion data...
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| creator | Shepherd, Tom J. Bouch, Jon E. Gunn, Andrew G. McKervey, John A. Naden, Jonathan Scrivener, Richard C. Styles, Michael T. Large, Duncan E. |
| description | An integrated mineralogical-geochemical study of unconformity-related Au-Pd occurrences within and around the Permo-Triassic basins of southwest England, UK, has confirmed the importance of low temperature (86±13°C), hydrothermal carbonate veins as hosts for the mineralisation. Fluid inclusion data for the carbonate gangue, supported by stable isotope (^sup 13^C and ^sup 18^O) and radiogenic (^sup 87^Sr/^sup 86^Sr) data, have identified three principal fluids: (1) a reducing calcic brine [>25 wt% salinity, 0.9 NaCl/(NaCl+CaCl^sub 2^)] originating in the post-unconformity red beds under evaporitic conditions, and (3) an oxygenated, low salinity groundwater ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00126-004-0459-3 |
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Fluid inclusion data for the carbonate gangue, supported by stable isotope (^sup 13^C and ^sup 18^O) and radiogenic (^sup 87^Sr/^sup 86^Sr) data, have identified three principal fluids: (1) a reducing calcic brine [>25 wt% salinity, <0.5 NaCl/(NaCl+CaCl^sub 2^)] originating in the sub-unconformity basement and an expression of advanced mineral-fluid interaction; (2) an oxidising sodic brine [~16 wt% salinity, >0.9 NaCl/(NaCl+CaCl^sub 2^)] originating in the post-unconformity red beds under evaporitic conditions, and (3) an oxygenated, low salinity groundwater (<3 wt% salinity). The sodic brine is reasoned to be the parent metalliferous fluid and to have acquired its enrichment in Au and Pd by the leaching of immature sediments and intra-rift volcanic rocks within the local Permo-Triassic basins. Metal precipitation is linked to the destabilisation of Au and Pd chloride complexes by either mixing with calcic brines, dilution by groundwaters or interaction with reduced lithologies. This explains the diversity of mineralised settings below and above the unconformity and their affinity with red bed brines. The paucity of sulphide minerals, the development of selenides (as ore minerals and as mineral inclusion in gold grains), the presence of rhodochrosite and manganoan calcites (up to 2.5 wt% Mn in calcite) and the co-precipitation of hematite and manganese oxides are consistent with the overall high oxidation state of the ore fluids. A genetic model is proposed linking Permo-Triassic red beds, the mixing of oxidising and reducing brines, and the development of unconformity-related precious metal mineralisation. Comparison with other European Permo-Triassic basins reveals striking similarities in geological setting, mineralogy and geochemistry with Au, Au-Pd and selenide occurrences in Germany (Tilkerode, Korbach-Goldhausen), Poland (Lubin) and the Czech Republic (Svoboda nad Úpou and Stupná). Though the known Au-Pd occurrences are sub-economic, several predictive criteria are proposed for further exploration.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]</description><identifier>ISSN: 0026-4598</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1866</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00126-004-0459-3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Heidelberg: Springer Nature B.V</publisher><subject>Brines ; Calcite ; Geochemistry ; Geology ; Leaching ; Low temperature ; Manganese ; Manganese oxides ; Mineralization ; Mineralogy ; Minerals ; Salinity ; Sodium chloride ; Stable isotopes ; Sulfides ; Triassic ; Unconformity ; Volcanic rocks</subject><ispartof>Mineralium deposita, 2005-07, Vol.40 (1), p.24-44</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2005</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c272t-9b85c29e718631ab4ef2ae765670d4ff929c0b3bff8481e7cdc68c4ea1b4b65d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c272t-9b85c29e718631ab4ef2ae765670d4ff929c0b3bff8481e7cdc68c4ea1b4b65d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Shepherd, Tom J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bouch, Jon E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gunn, Andrew G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKervey, John A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Naden, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scrivener, Richard C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Styles, Michael T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Large, Duncan E.</creatorcontrib><title>Permo–Triassic unconformity-related Au-Pd mineralisation, South Devon, UK: new insights and the European perspective</title><title>Mineralium deposita</title><description>An integrated mineralogical-geochemical study of unconformity-related Au-Pd occurrences within and around the Permo-Triassic basins of southwest England, UK, has confirmed the importance of low temperature (86±13°C), hydrothermal carbonate veins as hosts for the mineralisation. Fluid inclusion data for the carbonate gangue, supported by stable isotope (^sup 13^C and ^sup 18^O) and radiogenic (^sup 87^Sr/^sup 86^Sr) data, have identified three principal fluids: (1) a reducing calcic brine [>25 wt% salinity, <0.5 NaCl/(NaCl+CaCl^sub 2^)] originating in the sub-unconformity basement and an expression of advanced mineral-fluid interaction; (2) an oxidising sodic brine [~16 wt% salinity, >0.9 NaCl/(NaCl+CaCl^sub 2^)] originating in the post-unconformity red beds under evaporitic conditions, and (3) an oxygenated, low salinity groundwater (<3 wt% salinity). The sodic brine is reasoned to be the parent metalliferous fluid and to have acquired its enrichment in Au and Pd by the leaching of immature sediments and intra-rift volcanic rocks within the local Permo-Triassic basins. Metal precipitation is linked to the destabilisation of Au and Pd chloride complexes by either mixing with calcic brines, dilution by groundwaters or interaction with reduced lithologies. This explains the diversity of mineralised settings below and above the unconformity and their affinity with red bed brines. The paucity of sulphide minerals, the development of selenides (as ore minerals and as mineral inclusion in gold grains), the presence of rhodochrosite and manganoan calcites (up to 2.5 wt% Mn in calcite) and the co-precipitation of hematite and manganese oxides are consistent with the overall high oxidation state of the ore fluids. A genetic model is proposed linking Permo-Triassic red beds, the mixing of oxidising and reducing brines, and the development of unconformity-related precious metal mineralisation. Comparison with other European Permo-Triassic basins reveals striking similarities in geological setting, mineralogy and geochemistry with Au, Au-Pd and selenide occurrences in Germany (Tilkerode, Korbach-Goldhausen), Poland (Lubin) and the Czech Republic (Svoboda nad Úpou and Stupná). Though the known Au-Pd occurrences are sub-economic, several predictive criteria are proposed for further exploration.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]</description><subject>Brines</subject><subject>Calcite</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Leaching</subject><subject>Low temperature</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>Manganese oxides</subject><subject>Mineralization</subject><subject>Mineralogy</subject><subject>Minerals</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Sodium chloride</subject><subject>Stable isotopes</subject><subject>Sulfides</subject><subject>Triassic</subject><subject>Unconformity</subject><subject>Volcanic rocks</subject><issn>0026-4598</issn><issn>1432-1866</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNotkM1OwzAQhC0EEqXwANwszhjWieMk3BCUH4FEJeBsOc6GGrV2sJ0ibrwDb8iTkKqcVqMZzWg_Qo45nHGA8jwC8EwyAMFAFDXLd8iEizxjvJJyl0wARnc0qn1yEOM7ANRcwISs5xhW_vf75yVYHaM1dHDGu86HlU1fLOBSJ2zp5cDmLV1Zh0EvbdTJendKn_2QFvQa1xvx-nBBHX5S66J9W6RItWtpWiCdDcH3qB3tMcQeTbJrPCR7nV5GPPq_U_J6M3u5umOPT7f3V5ePzGRllljdVIXJaizHL3KuG4FdprGUhSyhFV1XZ7WBJm-6rhIVx9K0RlZGoOaNaGTR5lNysu3tg_8YMCb17ofgxkklBdR5IaEYQ3wbMsHHGLBTfbArHb4UB7Whq7Z01UhXbeiqPP8D909v4g</recordid><startdate>200507</startdate><enddate>200507</enddate><creator>Shepherd, Tom J.</creator><creator>Bouch, Jon E.</creator><creator>Gunn, Andrew G.</creator><creator>McKervey, John A.</creator><creator>Naden, Jonathan</creator><creator>Scrivener, Richard C.</creator><creator>Styles, Michael T.</creator><creator>Large, Duncan E.</creator><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200507</creationdate><title>Permo–Triassic unconformity-related Au-Pd mineralisation, South Devon, UK: new insights and the European perspective</title><author>Shepherd, Tom J. ; 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Fluid inclusion data for the carbonate gangue, supported by stable isotope (^sup 13^C and ^sup 18^O) and radiogenic (^sup 87^Sr/^sup 86^Sr) data, have identified three principal fluids: (1) a reducing calcic brine [>25 wt% salinity, <0.5 NaCl/(NaCl+CaCl^sub 2^)] originating in the sub-unconformity basement and an expression of advanced mineral-fluid interaction; (2) an oxidising sodic brine [~16 wt% salinity, >0.9 NaCl/(NaCl+CaCl^sub 2^)] originating in the post-unconformity red beds under evaporitic conditions, and (3) an oxygenated, low salinity groundwater (<3 wt% salinity). The sodic brine is reasoned to be the parent metalliferous fluid and to have acquired its enrichment in Au and Pd by the leaching of immature sediments and intra-rift volcanic rocks within the local Permo-Triassic basins. Metal precipitation is linked to the destabilisation of Au and Pd chloride complexes by either mixing with calcic brines, dilution by groundwaters or interaction with reduced lithologies. This explains the diversity of mineralised settings below and above the unconformity and their affinity with red bed brines. The paucity of sulphide minerals, the development of selenides (as ore minerals and as mineral inclusion in gold grains), the presence of rhodochrosite and manganoan calcites (up to 2.5 wt% Mn in calcite) and the co-precipitation of hematite and manganese oxides are consistent with the overall high oxidation state of the ore fluids. A genetic model is proposed linking Permo-Triassic red beds, the mixing of oxidising and reducing brines, and the development of unconformity-related precious metal mineralisation. Comparison with other European Permo-Triassic basins reveals striking similarities in geological setting, mineralogy and geochemistry with Au, Au-Pd and selenide occurrences in Germany (Tilkerode, Korbach-Goldhausen), Poland (Lubin) and the Czech Republic (Svoboda nad Úpou and Stupná). Though the known Au-Pd occurrences are sub-economic, several predictive criteria are proposed for further exploration.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]</abstract><cop>Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Nature B.V</pub><doi>10.1007/s00126-004-0459-3</doi><tpages>21</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Brines Calcite Geochemistry Geology Leaching Low temperature Manganese Manganese oxides Mineralization Mineralogy Minerals Salinity Sodium chloride Stable isotopes Sulfides Triassic Unconformity Volcanic rocks |
| title | Permo–Triassic unconformity-related Au-Pd mineralisation, South Devon, UK: new insights and the European perspective |
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