Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium on Wear Mechanisms in Perennial Ryegrass. I. Wear Tolerance and Recovery
Fertility may influence wear tolerance and recovery, but its effects on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) are unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) on wear tolerance and recovery in perennial ryegrass. Field studies were conducted in 2006 and 2007...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Crop science 2010-01, Vol.50 (1), p.357-366 |
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| creator | Hoffman, L Ebdon, J.S Dest, W.M DaCosta, M |
| description | Fertility may influence wear tolerance and recovery, but its effects on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) are unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) on wear tolerance and recovery in perennial ryegrass. Field studies were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to evaluate five rate levels of N (49, 147, 245, 343, and 441 kg ha–1 yr–1) with three rate levels of K (49, 245, and 441 kg ha–1 yr–1). Wear was applied using differential slip wear (DSW) and grooming brush wear (GBW). Injury was assessed using visual ratings and a relative chlorophyll index from spectral readings measured on wear-treated and nontreated plots. Grooming brush wear was ineffective for assessing recovery. Wear tolerance ratings between GBW and DSW were correlated with r-values as high as 0.93 (P 0.001). Reflectance readings were correlated with GBW and DSW ratings. Nitrogen influenced wear tolerance and recovery. Wear tolerance decreased linearly as N increased, and N accounted for as much as 95% of the treatment variation. Reductions in wear tolerance with increasing K were observed with GBW, while significant gains in recovery from DSW were observed with K at 2 wk after treatment (2WAT). Nitrogen in excess of 245 kg ha–1 yr–1 promoted reductions in wear tolerance but faster recovery. The 245 kg N ha–1 yr–1 rate afforded full recovery in the shortest interval as early as 8WAT. Optimum N for maximum wear tolerance and recovery for perennial ryegrass is 245 kg N ha–1 yr–1. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2135/cropsci2008.08.0473 |
| format | Article |
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I. Wear Tolerance and Recovery</title><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Hoffman, L ; Ebdon, J.S ; Dest, W.M ; DaCosta, M</creator><creatorcontrib>Hoffman, L ; Ebdon, J.S ; Dest, W.M ; DaCosta, M</creatorcontrib><description>Fertility may influence wear tolerance and recovery, but its effects on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) are unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) on wear tolerance and recovery in perennial ryegrass. Field studies were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to evaluate five rate levels of N (49, 147, 245, 343, and 441 kg ha–1 yr–1) with three rate levels of K (49, 245, and 441 kg ha–1 yr–1). Wear was applied using differential slip wear (DSW) and grooming brush wear (GBW). Injury was assessed using visual ratings and a relative chlorophyll index from spectral readings measured on wear-treated and nontreated plots. Grooming brush wear was ineffective for assessing recovery. Wear tolerance ratings between GBW and DSW were correlated with r-values as high as 0.93 (P 0.001). Reflectance readings were correlated with GBW and DSW ratings. Nitrogen influenced wear tolerance and recovery. Wear tolerance decreased linearly as N increased, and N accounted for as much as 95% of the treatment variation. Reductions in wear tolerance with increasing K were observed with GBW, while significant gains in recovery from DSW were observed with K at 2 wk after treatment (2WAT). Nitrogen in excess of 245 kg ha–1 yr–1 promoted reductions in wear tolerance but faster recovery. The 245 kg N ha–1 yr–1 rate afforded full recovery in the shortest interval as early as 8WAT. Optimum N for maximum wear tolerance and recovery for perennial ryegrass is 245 kg N ha–1 yr–1.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0011-183X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1435-0653</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2008.08.0473</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CRPSAY</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Madison: Crop Science Society of America</publisher><subject>abiotic stress ; Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions ; Biological and medical sciences ; biological resistance ; chlorophyll ; Crop science ; differential slip wear ; Fertility ; fertilizer rates ; field experimentation ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Grasses ; grooming brush wear ; lawns and turf ; Lolium perenne ; Nitrogen ; nitrogen fertilizers ; nutrient uptake ; Nutrients ; plant damage ; plant nutrition ; plant stress ; Potassium ; potassium fertilizers ; regrowth ; spectral analysis ; temporal variation ; turf grasses ; turf management ; wear tolerance</subject><ispartof>Crop science, 2010-01, Vol.50 (1), p.357-366</ispartof><rights>Crop Science Society of America</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Society of Agronomy Jan/Feb 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4263-37ab2455a43c36a7f8454a24f0962de9eb439bedc9c74d98c591214d993097963</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4263-37ab2455a43c36a7f8454a24f0962de9eb439bedc9c74d98c591214d993097963</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2135%2Fcropsci2008.08.0473$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2135%2Fcropsci2008.08.0473$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,1412,27905,27906,45555,45556</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22333703$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hoffman, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ebdon, J.S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dest, W.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DaCosta, M</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium on Wear Mechanisms in Perennial Ryegrass. I. Wear Tolerance and Recovery</title><title>Crop science</title><description>Fertility may influence wear tolerance and recovery, but its effects on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) are unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) on wear tolerance and recovery in perennial ryegrass. Field studies were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to evaluate five rate levels of N (49, 147, 245, 343, and 441 kg ha–1 yr–1) with three rate levels of K (49, 245, and 441 kg ha–1 yr–1). Wear was applied using differential slip wear (DSW) and grooming brush wear (GBW). Injury was assessed using visual ratings and a relative chlorophyll index from spectral readings measured on wear-treated and nontreated plots. Grooming brush wear was ineffective for assessing recovery. Wear tolerance ratings between GBW and DSW were correlated with r-values as high as 0.93 (P 0.001). Reflectance readings were correlated with GBW and DSW ratings. Nitrogen influenced wear tolerance and recovery. Wear tolerance decreased linearly as N increased, and N accounted for as much as 95% of the treatment variation. Reductions in wear tolerance with increasing K were observed with GBW, while significant gains in recovery from DSW were observed with K at 2 wk after treatment (2WAT). Nitrogen in excess of 245 kg ha–1 yr–1 promoted reductions in wear tolerance but faster recovery. The 245 kg N ha–1 yr–1 rate afforded full recovery in the shortest interval as early as 8WAT. Optimum N for maximum wear tolerance and recovery for perennial ryegrass is 245 kg N ha–1 yr–1.</description><subject>abiotic stress</subject><subject>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>biological resistance</subject><subject>chlorophyll</subject><subject>Crop science</subject><subject>differential slip wear</subject><subject>Fertility</subject><subject>fertilizer rates</subject><subject>field experimentation</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Grasses</subject><subject>grooming brush wear</subject><subject>lawns and turf</subject><subject>Lolium perenne</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>nitrogen fertilizers</subject><subject>nutrient uptake</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>plant damage</subject><subject>plant nutrition</subject><subject>plant stress</subject><subject>Potassium</subject><subject>potassium fertilizers</subject><subject>regrowth</subject><subject>spectral analysis</subject><subject>temporal variation</subject><subject>turf grasses</subject><subject>turf management</subject><subject>wear tolerance</subject><issn>0011-183X</issn><issn>1435-0653</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkEFrGzEQhUVpoa6bX9BDRaHHdSWNtFody5K0hqQxdkJ6W2RZcmXWkivZLf730XZDyTHMwAzizffQQ-gDJTNGQXwxKR6y8YyQZjY0l_AKTSgHUZFawGs0IYTSijbw8y16l_OOECKVFBO0u3TOmmPG0eEf_pji1gaswwYv4lHn7E97HAN-sDrhG2t-6eDzPmMf8MImG4LXPV6e7TYV7QzPZ6PyLvY26WDsP9LSmvjHpvN79MbpPtuLpzlF91eXd-336vr227z9el0ZzmqoQOo140JoDgZqLV3DBdeMO6JqtrHKrjmotd0YZSTfqMYIRRktmwKipKphij6N3EOKv082H7tdPKVQLDuoawApSjBTBKOoRJdzsq47JL_X6dxR0g2Zds8y7YYumZarz09onY3u3fBJn_-fMgYFTwbd1aj763t7fgm6a1cta5e3i1U7H95LjYYfR5DTsdPbVMzuV4xQIFQqIRsKj0nqli0</recordid><startdate>201001</startdate><enddate>201001</enddate><creator>Hoffman, L</creator><creator>Ebdon, J.S</creator><creator>Dest, W.M</creator><creator>DaCosta, M</creator><general>Crop Science Society of America</general><general>American Society of Agronomy</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>R05</scope><scope>S0X</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201001</creationdate><title>Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium on Wear Mechanisms in Perennial Ryegrass. I. Wear Tolerance and Recovery</title><author>Hoffman, L ; Ebdon, J.S ; Dest, W.M ; DaCosta, M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4263-37ab2455a43c36a7f8454a24f0962de9eb439bedc9c74d98c591214d993097963</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>abiotic stress</topic><topic>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>biological resistance</topic><topic>chlorophyll</topic><topic>Crop science</topic><topic>differential slip wear</topic><topic>Fertility</topic><topic>fertilizer rates</topic><topic>field experimentation</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Grasses</topic><topic>grooming brush wear</topic><topic>lawns and turf</topic><topic>Lolium perenne</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>nitrogen fertilizers</topic><topic>nutrient uptake</topic><topic>Nutrients</topic><topic>plant damage</topic><topic>plant nutrition</topic><topic>plant stress</topic><topic>Potassium</topic><topic>potassium fertilizers</topic><topic>regrowth</topic><topic>spectral analysis</topic><topic>temporal variation</topic><topic>turf grasses</topic><topic>turf management</topic><topic>wear tolerance</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hoffman, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ebdon, J.S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dest, W.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DaCosta, M</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>University of Michigan</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><jtitle>Crop science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hoffman, L</au><au>Ebdon, J.S</au><au>Dest, W.M</au><au>DaCosta, M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium on Wear Mechanisms in Perennial Ryegrass. I. Wear Tolerance and Recovery</atitle><jtitle>Crop science</jtitle><date>2010-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>50</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>357</spage><epage>366</epage><pages>357-366</pages><issn>0011-183X</issn><eissn>1435-0653</eissn><coden>CRPSAY</coden><abstract>Fertility may influence wear tolerance and recovery, but its effects on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) are unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) on wear tolerance and recovery in perennial ryegrass. Field studies were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to evaluate five rate levels of N (49, 147, 245, 343, and 441 kg ha–1 yr–1) with three rate levels of K (49, 245, and 441 kg ha–1 yr–1). Wear was applied using differential slip wear (DSW) and grooming brush wear (GBW). Injury was assessed using visual ratings and a relative chlorophyll index from spectral readings measured on wear-treated and nontreated plots. Grooming brush wear was ineffective for assessing recovery. Wear tolerance ratings between GBW and DSW were correlated with r-values as high as 0.93 (P 0.001). Reflectance readings were correlated with GBW and DSW ratings. Nitrogen influenced wear tolerance and recovery. Wear tolerance decreased linearly as N increased, and N accounted for as much as 95% of the treatment variation. Reductions in wear tolerance with increasing K were observed with GBW, while significant gains in recovery from DSW were observed with K at 2 wk after treatment (2WAT). Nitrogen in excess of 245 kg ha–1 yr–1 promoted reductions in wear tolerance but faster recovery. The 245 kg N ha–1 yr–1 rate afforded full recovery in the shortest interval as early as 8WAT. Optimum N for maximum wear tolerance and recovery for perennial ryegrass is 245 kg N ha–1 yr–1.</abstract><cop>Madison</cop><pub>Crop Science Society of America</pub><doi>10.2135/cropsci2008.08.0473</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | abiotic stress Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Biological and medical sciences biological resistance chlorophyll Crop science differential slip wear Fertility fertilizer rates field experimentation Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Grasses grooming brush wear lawns and turf Lolium perenne Nitrogen nitrogen fertilizers nutrient uptake Nutrients plant damage plant nutrition plant stress Potassium potassium fertilizers regrowth spectral analysis temporal variation turf grasses turf management wear tolerance |
| title | Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium on Wear Mechanisms in Perennial Ryegrass. I. Wear Tolerance and Recovery |
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