Estimation of Alpha-Amylase in Smokers with and without Leukoplakia and Oral Cancer—A Comparative Study

ABSTRACT Background: Alpha-amylase is an enzyme found in saliva that plays a crucial role in the initial stages of digestion. Its levels can be influenced by various factors, including lifestyle habits such as smoking. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 male subjects were recruited for this comparative study and divided into three groups: 50 smokers without any oral lesions (group A), 50 smokers with leukoplakia (group B), and 50 smokers with oral cancer (group C). Salivary samples were collected from each participant and analyzed for alpha-amylase activity using the 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-β-D-maltotrioside (CNPG3) method. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and post-hoc tests to compare the mean alpha-amylase levels between the groups. Results: The mean alpha-amylase levels were found to be 140 U/mL in group A, 180 U/mL in group B, and 220 U/mL in group C. Statistical analysis revealed a significant increase in alpha-amylase levels in smokers with leukoplakia and oral cancer compared to smokers without oral lesions (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significant difference was observed between group B and group C (P < 0.05), indicating progressively higher enzyme levels with the severity of the oral condition. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that salivary alpha-amylase levels are elevated in smokers with leukoplakia and oral cancer compared to those without these conditions. Keywords: Alpha-amylase, biomarker, comparative study, leukoplakia, oral cancer, saliva, smokers