Effects of a Solar Flare on Global Propagation of Extremely Low Frequency Waves

Solar flares have profound impacts on the lower ionosphere and long‐distance radio propagation. Extremely low frequency (ELF: 3–3,000 Hz) waves are challenging to observe and experience unique interactions with the lower ionosphere. The primary natural sources of ELF waves are thunderstorm lightning...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Journal of geophysical research. Space physics 2024-12, Vol.129 (12), p.n/a
Hauptverfasser:	Ostrowski, M., Gołkowski, M., Kubisz, J., Nieckarz, Z., Michalec, A., Mlynarczyk, J., Lichtenberger, J., Maxworth, A.
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Atmosphere Density gradients Earth Earth atmosphere earth‐ionosphere cavity Electron density Electrons ELF electromagnetic waves ELF waves Emissions Extremely low frequencies Free electrons Hardware ionizing radiation Ionosphere ionospheric D‐layer Ionospheric models Ionospheric propagation Lower ionosphere Propagation Propagation velocity Radiation Radio transmission Radio wave propagation Radio waves Remote sensing Solar flares Space weather Spherical waves Thunderstorms Ultraviolet emission Upper atmosphere Wave propagation
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