Synthesis, antioxidant, and antidiabetic potentials of (Z)-((dimethylcarbamothioyl) thio) ((1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxo-4-phenylbut-2-en-2-yl) oxy) zinc hydrate

Zinc is an essential trace element for human health and a healthy immune system. Zinc is essential for many biological processes in the human body, including cell division, proliferation, and apoptosis, impacting an organism’s ability to grow. When one examines bioinformatics studies that have identified around 3000 human proteins that are thought to bind zinc, the significance of zinc becomes immediately clear. The utilization of zinc in the industry has grown over time; zinc is utilized in dentistry, medicine, and household cooking utensils. Identifying Zn (II) as a constituent of crystalline insulin also affects insulin functioning. During insulin secretion, pancreatic β-cells produce zinc (II) through exocytosis. This study aims to synthesize (Z)-((dimethylcarbamothioyl) thio) ((1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxo-4-phenylbut-2-en-2-yl) oxy) zinc hydrate (ZnHCP) and investigate the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities via in vitro and ex vivo methods. Zinc (II) complex (ZnHCP) was synthesized using standard procedure. The complex was evaluated for its ability to scavenge free radicals, reduce ferric iron, and function as an iron chelator. Oxidative pancreatic injury was induced by FeSO 4 and treated with different concentrations of the complex. The inhibitory effect of the ZnHCP on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes was evaluated using metformin as standard. Using GraphPad Prism 9.0.1 software for analysis, all data that were presented as mean standard deviation (± SD) were used. Comparing ZnHCP to quercetin (standard), the scavenging property rises significantly with concentration. ZnHCP showed a dose-dependent inhibitory ability against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, compared with the standard drug (metformin). The malondialdehyde, catalase, as well as ectonucleotidase (ENTPDase) activities, were reduced when the damaged pancreas was treated with ZnHCP. Additionally, following treatment with 1000 µg/mL of ZnHCP, the pancreas had the greatest level of catalase and higher levels of ATPase and ENTPDase activities. It was shown that (Z)-((dimethylcarbamothioyl) thio) ((1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxo-4-phenylbut-2-en-2-yl) oxy) zinc hydrate (ZnHCP) displayed a significant antioxidant potential and considerable α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes inhibitory activity. Therefore, this synthesized compound (ZnHCP) could be a lead compound in antidiabetic drug discovery.