A Pleistocene Biogeography in Miniature: The Small‐Scale Evolutionary History of Podarcis lusitanicus (Squamata, Lacertidae)

ABSTRACT Aim Recent literature is unveiling more complex responses of biodiversity to Pleistocenic climatic oscillations than those derived from initial models based solely on southern glacial macrorefugia. Here, we zoom in to delve into the genetic diversity and population structure of Podarcis lus...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of biogeography 2025-01, Vol.52 (1), p.186-198
Hauptverfasser: Rato, Catarina, Sreelatha, Lekshmi B., Gómez‐Ramírez, Fernando, Carretero, Miguel A.
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container_start_page 186
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creator Rato, Catarina
Sreelatha, Lekshmi B.
Gómez‐Ramírez, Fernando
Carretero, Miguel A.
description ABSTRACT Aim Recent literature is unveiling more complex responses of biodiversity to Pleistocenic climatic oscillations than those derived from initial models based solely on southern glacial macrorefugia. Here, we zoom in to delve into the genetic diversity and population structure of Podarcis lusitanicus, a lizard species native to the north‐western Iberian Peninsula. Location North‐western Iberian Peninsula. Taxon Podarcis lusitanicus. Methods Utilising a comprehensive multilocus approach, we explored the species' phylogeography and demographic history at a very fine spatial scale and timeframe. Concurrently, we evaluated both current and historical habitat suitability for the species, linking it to the observed demographic trends. We examined DNA sequences from two mitochondrial (cytb and ND4) and three nuclear genes (ACM4, MC1R and PDC) in 230 specimens collected from 21 populations spanning most of the species' distribution range. Results Our findings corroborate cytonuclear discordances in Podarcis, with nuclear genes failing to identify the mitochondrial clades in P. lusitanicus. Despite its separation from other Podarcis species approximately 4 million years ago, its diversification occurred much more recently, around 0.4 million years ago, resulting in three monophyletic lineages that are geographically coherent. This pattern suggests that some lineages of P. lusitanicus might have gone extinct after the split from the common ancestor. Pleistocene climatic oscillations profoundly influenced the demographic history of the species. During warmer periods, such as the Last Interglacial, populations expanded and came into secondary contact, whereas during the Last Glacial Maximum, populations contracted and became isolated in multiple micro‐refugia. The subsequent Mid‐Holocene warming facilitated population recovery, range expansion and lineage admixture. Main Conclusions This study underscores the intricate interplay between isolation and dispersal at a microscale, driven by Pleistocene climatic fluctuations, which have profoundly shaped the genetic structure and diversity of Iberian terrestrial biodiversity and may remain overlooked by biogeographic studies at coarser scales.
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Here, we zoom in to delve into the genetic diversity and population structure of Podarcis lusitanicus, a lizard species native to the north‐western Iberian Peninsula. Location North‐western Iberian Peninsula. Taxon Podarcis lusitanicus. Methods Utilising a comprehensive multilocus approach, we explored the species' phylogeography and demographic history at a very fine spatial scale and timeframe. Concurrently, we evaluated both current and historical habitat suitability for the species, linking it to the observed demographic trends. We examined DNA sequences from two mitochondrial (cytb and ND4) and three nuclear genes (ACM4, MC1R and PDC) in 230 specimens collected from 21 populations spanning most of the species' distribution range. Results Our findings corroborate cytonuclear discordances in Podarcis, with nuclear genes failing to identify the mitochondrial clades in P. lusitanicus. Despite its separation from other Podarcis species approximately 4 million years ago, its diversification occurred much more recently, around 0.4 million years ago, resulting in three monophyletic lineages that are geographically coherent. This pattern suggests that some lineages of P. lusitanicus might have gone extinct after the split from the common ancestor. Pleistocene climatic oscillations profoundly influenced the demographic history of the species. During warmer periods, such as the Last Interglacial, populations expanded and came into secondary contact, whereas during the Last Glacial Maximum, populations contracted and became isolated in multiple micro‐refugia. The subsequent Mid‐Holocene warming facilitated population recovery, range expansion and lineage admixture. Main Conclusions This study underscores the intricate interplay between isolation and dispersal at a microscale, driven by Pleistocene climatic fluctuations, which have profoundly shaped the genetic structure and diversity of Iberian terrestrial biodiversity and may remain overlooked by biogeographic studies at coarser scales.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0305-0270</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2699</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/jbi.15026</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Biodiversity ; Biogeography ; Demographics ; Demography ; ENMs ; Evolutionary genetics ; Gene sequencing ; Genes ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic structure ; Geographical distribution ; Glacial periods ; Holocene ; Iberian Peninsula ; Indigenous species ; Lusitanian wall lizard ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Nucleotide sequence ; Oscillations ; Pleistocene ; Pleistocene's climatic oscillations ; Podarcis ; Podarcis lusitanicus ; population demography ; Population genetics ; Population structure ; Population studies ; Populations ; Range extension ; Refugia ; secondary contact</subject><ispartof>Journal of biogeography, 2025-01, Vol.52 (1), p.186-198</ispartof><rights>2024 John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2025 John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c1876-a2d4f08226d85192b8676526c11b46c0de36d2b2ec2c4a37294e2cb82ef144643</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2335-7198 ; 0000-0001-6552-4380 ; 0000-0002-8292-2433</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fjbi.15026$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fjbi.15026$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rato, Catarina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sreelatha, Lekshmi B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gómez‐Ramírez, Fernando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carretero, Miguel A.</creatorcontrib><title>A Pleistocene Biogeography in Miniature: The Small‐Scale Evolutionary History of Podarcis lusitanicus (Squamata, Lacertidae)</title><title>Journal of biogeography</title><description>ABSTRACT Aim Recent literature is unveiling more complex responses of biodiversity to Pleistocenic climatic oscillations than those derived from initial models based solely on southern glacial macrorefugia. Here, we zoom in to delve into the genetic diversity and population structure of Podarcis lusitanicus, a lizard species native to the north‐western Iberian Peninsula. Location North‐western Iberian Peninsula. Taxon Podarcis lusitanicus. Methods Utilising a comprehensive multilocus approach, we explored the species' phylogeography and demographic history at a very fine spatial scale and timeframe. Concurrently, we evaluated both current and historical habitat suitability for the species, linking it to the observed demographic trends. We examined DNA sequences from two mitochondrial (cytb and ND4) and three nuclear genes (ACM4, MC1R and PDC) in 230 specimens collected from 21 populations spanning most of the species' distribution range. Results Our findings corroborate cytonuclear discordances in Podarcis, with nuclear genes failing to identify the mitochondrial clades in P. lusitanicus. Despite its separation from other Podarcis species approximately 4 million years ago, its diversification occurred much more recently, around 0.4 million years ago, resulting in three monophyletic lineages that are geographically coherent. This pattern suggests that some lineages of P. lusitanicus might have gone extinct after the split from the common ancestor. Pleistocene climatic oscillations profoundly influenced the demographic history of the species. During warmer periods, such as the Last Interglacial, populations expanded and came into secondary contact, whereas during the Last Glacial Maximum, populations contracted and became isolated in multiple micro‐refugia. The subsequent Mid‐Holocene warming facilitated population recovery, range expansion and lineage admixture. Main Conclusions This study underscores the intricate interplay between isolation and dispersal at a microscale, driven by Pleistocene climatic fluctuations, which have profoundly shaped the genetic structure and diversity of Iberian terrestrial biodiversity and may remain overlooked by biogeographic studies at coarser scales.</description><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biogeography</subject><subject>Demographics</subject><subject>Demography</subject><subject>ENMs</subject><subject>Evolutionary genetics</subject><subject>Gene sequencing</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genetic structure</subject><subject>Geographical distribution</subject><subject>Glacial periods</subject><subject>Holocene</subject><subject>Iberian Peninsula</subject><subject>Indigenous species</subject><subject>Lusitanian wall lizard</subject><subject>Mitochondrial DNA</subject><subject>Nucleotide sequence</subject><subject>Oscillations</subject><subject>Pleistocene</subject><subject>Pleistocene's climatic oscillations</subject><subject>Podarcis</subject><subject>Podarcis lusitanicus</subject><subject>population demography</subject><subject>Population genetics</subject><subject>Population structure</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Populations</subject><subject>Range extension</subject><subject>Refugia</subject><subject>secondary contact</subject><issn>0305-0270</issn><issn>1365-2699</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2025</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kMFOwkAQhjdGExE9-AabeJHEwu52u229AUHBYCQBz812O4UlpQu7rYaL8RF8Rp_EIl6dy3_55p_Mh9A1JV3aTG-d6i4NCBMnqEV9EXhMxPEpahGfBB5hITlHF86tCSFx4PMW-ujjWQHaVUZBCXigzRLM0srtao91iZ91qWVVW7jHixXg-UYWxffn11zJAvDozRR1pU0p7R6PDx1NmhzPTCat0g4XtdOVLLWqHb6d72q5kZW8w1OpwFY6k9C5RGe5LBxc_WUbvT6MFsOxN315nAz7U0_RKBSeZBnPScSYyKKAxiyNRCgCJhSlKReKZOCLjKUMFFNc-iGLOTCVRgxyyrngfhvdHHu31uxqcFWyNrUtm5OJT7nPaBCFtKE6R0pZ45yFPNlavWm-SyhJDnqTRm_yq7dhe0f2XRew_x9MngaT48YP9rZ8_g</recordid><startdate>202501</startdate><enddate>202501</enddate><creator>Rato, Catarina</creator><creator>Sreelatha, Lekshmi B.</creator><creator>Gómez‐Ramírez, Fernando</creator><creator>Carretero, Miguel A.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-7198</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6552-4380</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8292-2433</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202501</creationdate><title>A Pleistocene Biogeography in Miniature: The Small‐Scale Evolutionary History of Podarcis lusitanicus (Squamata, Lacertidae)</title><author>Rato, Catarina ; Sreelatha, Lekshmi B. ; Gómez‐Ramírez, Fernando ; Carretero, Miguel A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c1876-a2d4f08226d85192b8676526c11b46c0de36d2b2ec2c4a37294e2cb82ef144643</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2025</creationdate><topic>Biodiversity</topic><topic>Biogeography</topic><topic>Demographics</topic><topic>Demography</topic><topic>ENMs</topic><topic>Evolutionary genetics</topic><topic>Gene sequencing</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genetic diversity</topic><topic>Genetic structure</topic><topic>Geographical distribution</topic><topic>Glacial periods</topic><topic>Holocene</topic><topic>Iberian Peninsula</topic><topic>Indigenous species</topic><topic>Lusitanian wall lizard</topic><topic>Mitochondrial DNA</topic><topic>Nucleotide sequence</topic><topic>Oscillations</topic><topic>Pleistocene</topic><topic>Pleistocene's climatic oscillations</topic><topic>Podarcis</topic><topic>Podarcis lusitanicus</topic><topic>population demography</topic><topic>Population genetics</topic><topic>Population structure</topic><topic>Population studies</topic><topic>Populations</topic><topic>Range extension</topic><topic>Refugia</topic><topic>secondary contact</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rato, Catarina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sreelatha, Lekshmi B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gómez‐Ramírez, Fernando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carretero, Miguel A.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of biogeography</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rato, Catarina</au><au>Sreelatha, Lekshmi B.</au><au>Gómez‐Ramírez, Fernando</au><au>Carretero, Miguel A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A Pleistocene Biogeography in Miniature: The Small‐Scale Evolutionary History of Podarcis lusitanicus (Squamata, Lacertidae)</atitle><jtitle>Journal of biogeography</jtitle><date>2025-01</date><risdate>2025</risdate><volume>52</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>186</spage><epage>198</epage><pages>186-198</pages><issn>0305-0270</issn><eissn>1365-2699</eissn><abstract>ABSTRACT Aim Recent literature is unveiling more complex responses of biodiversity to Pleistocenic climatic oscillations than those derived from initial models based solely on southern glacial macrorefugia. Here, we zoom in to delve into the genetic diversity and population structure of Podarcis lusitanicus, a lizard species native to the north‐western Iberian Peninsula. Location North‐western Iberian Peninsula. Taxon Podarcis lusitanicus. Methods Utilising a comprehensive multilocus approach, we explored the species' phylogeography and demographic history at a very fine spatial scale and timeframe. Concurrently, we evaluated both current and historical habitat suitability for the species, linking it to the observed demographic trends. We examined DNA sequences from two mitochondrial (cytb and ND4) and three nuclear genes (ACM4, MC1R and PDC) in 230 specimens collected from 21 populations spanning most of the species' distribution range. Results Our findings corroborate cytonuclear discordances in Podarcis, with nuclear genes failing to identify the mitochondrial clades in P. lusitanicus. Despite its separation from other Podarcis species approximately 4 million years ago, its diversification occurred much more recently, around 0.4 million years ago, resulting in three monophyletic lineages that are geographically coherent. This pattern suggests that some lineages of P. lusitanicus might have gone extinct after the split from the common ancestor. Pleistocene climatic oscillations profoundly influenced the demographic history of the species. During warmer periods, such as the Last Interglacial, populations expanded and came into secondary contact, whereas during the Last Glacial Maximum, populations contracted and became isolated in multiple micro‐refugia. The subsequent Mid‐Holocene warming facilitated population recovery, range expansion and lineage admixture. Main Conclusions This study underscores the intricate interplay between isolation and dispersal at a microscale, driven by Pleistocene climatic fluctuations, which have profoundly shaped the genetic structure and diversity of Iberian terrestrial biodiversity and may remain overlooked by biogeographic studies at coarser scales.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><doi>10.1111/jbi.15026</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-7198</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6552-4380</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8292-2433</orcidid></addata></record>
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subjects Biodiversity
Biogeography
Demographics
Demography
ENMs
Evolutionary genetics
Gene sequencing
Genes
Genetic diversity
Genetic structure
Geographical distribution
Glacial periods
Holocene
Iberian Peninsula
Indigenous species
Lusitanian wall lizard
Mitochondrial DNA
Nucleotide sequence
Oscillations
Pleistocene
Pleistocene's climatic oscillations
Podarcis
Podarcis lusitanicus
population demography
Population genetics
Population structure
Population studies
Populations
Range extension
Refugia
secondary contact
title A Pleistocene Biogeography in Miniature: The Small‐Scale Evolutionary History of Podarcis lusitanicus (Squamata, Lacertidae)
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