Design of Integrated Energy–Water Systems Using Automated Targeting Modeling Considering the Energy–Water–Carbon Nexus

The swift expansion of the global population and economy has spurred growing requirements for energy and water in recent decades. Inefficient energy and water consumption, however, has led to an increase in CO2 emissions. Hence, the socio-economic development of a country must consider the interconn...

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Veröffentlicht in:Water (Basel) 2024-11, Vol.16 (22), p.3256
Hauptverfasser: Mohammad Rozali, Nor Erniza, Mohd Halmy, Muhammad Aidan, Liew, Peng Yen
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container_start_page 3256
container_title Water (Basel)
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creator Mohammad Rozali, Nor Erniza
Mohd Halmy, Muhammad Aidan
Liew, Peng Yen
description The swift expansion of the global population and economy has spurred growing requirements for energy and water in recent decades. Inefficient energy and water consumption, however, has led to an increase in CO2 emissions. Hence, the socio-economic development of a country must consider the interconnections between energy, water and carbon, as there are mutual dependencies among these three elements. This work considers the nexus between energy, water and carbon in the design of integrated energy–water systems using a new automated targeting modeling (ATM) framework. ATM incorporates the advantages of the insight-based Pinch method and a mathematical programming approach to provide visual understanding for a thorough analysis of the problem while guaranteeing accurate solutions. Minimum targets of power and water based on the integrated network operation were established by the ATM, with corresponding carbon emissions. A specific goal of annual carbon emissions reduction was set as the constraint and the ATM optimized the capacities of the components in the system accordingly to achieve minimum overall cost. The application of ATM on an industrial plant case study shows that a target of 45% reduction in the carbon discharge amount was achieved by shifting to greener fuel in the energy system at a minimum overall cost increase of 0.45% only. The framework can assist users in meeting power and water loads in their plant while planning for the appropriate decarbonization efforts at the minimum possible cost.
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source Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
subjects Alternative energy sources
Automation
Carbon footprint
Case studies
Construction
Consumption
Desalination
Economic development
Electricity
Electricity distribution
Emission standards
Emissions
Energy industry
Energy resources
Integer programming
Linear programming
Malaysia
Mathematical programming
Optimization
Planning
Renewable resources
Water
Water resources
Water utilities
title Design of Integrated Energy–Water Systems Using Automated Targeting Modeling Considering the Energy–Water–Carbon Nexus
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