Small Molecules Effective for Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Furfural and Its Derivatives
This review summarizes recent applications of small organic and inorganic molecules as catalysts or solvents (chemical hands and scissors) in the production of furfural (FA), 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), and 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF). The possible transformation of lignocellulosic biomass i...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Catalysts 2024-11, Vol.14 (11), p.791 |
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| creator | Vojtová, Ivana Leinweber, Petr Weidlich, Tomáš |
| description | This review summarizes recent applications of small organic and inorganic molecules as catalysts or solvents (chemical hands and scissors) in the production of furfural (FA), 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), and 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF). The possible transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into a one-pot configuration and two-step technique based on the preliminary separation of hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose with the subsequent hydrolysis of separated polysaccharides is compared and discussed. Interestingly, these rather simple and cheap molecules are catalytically active and enable a high rate of conversion of polysaccharides into furfural and its derivatives. Usually, elevated pressure and reaction temperatures above 150 °C are necessary for effective hydrolysis and dehydration of in situ formed monosaccharides; nevertheless, ionic liquids or deep eutectic solvents enable a significant decrease in the reaction temperature and performance of the discussed process at ambient pressure. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/catal14110791 |
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The possible transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into a one-pot configuration and two-step technique based on the preliminary separation of hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose with the subsequent hydrolysis of separated polysaccharides is compared and discussed. Interestingly, these rather simple and cheap molecules are catalytically active and enable a high rate of conversion of polysaccharides into furfural and its derivatives. Usually, elevated pressure and reaction temperatures above 150 °C are necessary for effective hydrolysis and dehydration of in situ formed monosaccharides; nevertheless, ionic liquids or deep eutectic solvents enable a significant decrease in the reaction temperature and performance of the discussed process at ambient pressure.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4344</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/catal14110791</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Agricultural production ; Biomass ; Cellulose ; Comparative analysis ; Crop residues ; Dehydration ; Eutectic reactions ; Eutectic temperature ; Hydrochloric acid ; Hydrolysis ; Hydroxymethylfurfural ; Ionic liquids ; Lignin ; Lignocellulose ; Liu, Timothy ; Monosaccharides ; Polysaccharides ; Pressure ; Raw materials ; Recycling ; Rice ; Solvents ; Sugarcane ; Sugars ; Sulfuric acid</subject><ispartof>Catalysts, 2024-11, Vol.14 (11), p.791</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Usually, elevated pressure and reaction temperatures above 150 °C are necessary for effective hydrolysis and dehydration of in situ formed monosaccharides; nevertheless, ionic liquids or deep eutectic solvents enable a significant decrease in the reaction temperature and performance of the discussed process at ambient pressure.</description><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Cellulose</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>Crop residues</subject><subject>Dehydration</subject><subject>Eutectic reactions</subject><subject>Eutectic temperature</subject><subject>Hydrochloric acid</subject><subject>Hydrolysis</subject><subject>Hydroxymethylfurfural</subject><subject>Ionic liquids</subject><subject>Lignin</subject><subject>Lignocellulose</subject><subject>Liu, Timothy</subject><subject>Monosaccharides</subject><subject>Polysaccharides</subject><subject>Pressure</subject><subject>Raw materials</subject><subject>Recycling</subject><subject>Rice</subject><subject>Solvents</subject><subject>Sugarcane</subject><subject>Sugars</subject><subject>Sulfuric acid</subject><issn>2073-4344</issn><issn>2073-4344</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkM1LAzEQxYMoWGqP3gOetyab_cgea21roeJBPS_ZyaSkZDc12S3437ulHnTmMMPwfm_gEXLP2VyIij2C6pXjGeesrPgVmaSsFEkmsuz6z35LZjEe2FgVF5LnEwLvrXKOvnqHMDiMdGUMQm9PSI0PdOm7E4ZofUe9oTu77zygc4Pz0QJ9sr5VMdLe0_UQzBCUo6rTdNtH-ozBntTZKN6RG6NcxNnvnJLP9epj-ZLs3jbb5WKXQJpWfSJBNjrTeV40TZlrluq00RrKQjGmTFUxLKCUBSAYJjSOTKqFVoiNKVGVRkzJw8X3GPzXgLGvD34I3fiyFlwIlmaSyVE1v6j2ymFtO-P7oGBsja0F36Gx430hueSs4DIfgeQCQPAxBjT1MdhWhe-as_qcff0ve_EDu0B5Qw</recordid><startdate>20241101</startdate><enddate>20241101</enddate><creator>Vojtová, Ivana</creator><creator>Leinweber, Petr</creator><creator>Weidlich, Tomáš</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20241101</creationdate><title>Small Molecules Effective for Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Furfural and Its Derivatives</title><author>Vojtová, Ivana ; 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The possible transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into a one-pot configuration and two-step technique based on the preliminary separation of hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose with the subsequent hydrolysis of separated polysaccharides is compared and discussed. Interestingly, these rather simple and cheap molecules are catalytically active and enable a high rate of conversion of polysaccharides into furfural and its derivatives. Usually, elevated pressure and reaction temperatures above 150 °C are necessary for effective hydrolysis and dehydration of in situ formed monosaccharides; nevertheless, ionic liquids or deep eutectic solvents enable a significant decrease in the reaction temperature and performance of the discussed process at ambient pressure.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/catal14110791</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Catalysts, 2024-11, Vol.14 (11), p.791 |
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| subjects | Agricultural production Biomass Cellulose Comparative analysis Crop residues Dehydration Eutectic reactions Eutectic temperature Hydrochloric acid Hydrolysis Hydroxymethylfurfural Ionic liquids Lignin Lignocellulose Liu, Timothy Monosaccharides Polysaccharides Pressure Raw materials Recycling Rice Solvents Sugarcane Sugars Sulfuric acid |
| title | Small Molecules Effective for Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Furfural and Its Derivatives |
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