Advanced, Real-Time Programmable FPGA-Based Digital Filtering Unit for IR Detection Modules

This paper presents a programmable digital filtering unit dedicated to operating with signals from infrared (IR) detection modules. The designed device is quite useful for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio due to the reduction in noise and interference from detector–amplifier circuits or external...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Electronics (Basel) 2024-11, Vol.13 (22), p.4449
Hauptverfasser: Achtenberg, Krzysztof, Szplet, Ryszard, Bielecki, Zbigniew
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page
container_issue 22
container_start_page 4449
container_title Electronics (Basel)
container_volume 13
creator Achtenberg, Krzysztof
Szplet, Ryszard
Bielecki, Zbigniew
description This paper presents a programmable digital filtering unit dedicated to operating with signals from infrared (IR) detection modules. The designed device is quite useful for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio due to the reduction in noise and interference from detector–amplifier circuits or external radiation sources. Moreover, the developed device is flexible due to the possibility of programming the desired filter types and their responses. In the circuit, an advanced field-programmable gate array FPGA chip was used to ensure an adequate number of resources that are necessary to implement an effective filtration process. The proposed circuity was assisted by a 32-bit microcontroller to perform controlling functions and could operate at frequency sampling of up to 40 MSa/s with 16-bit resolution. In addition, in our application, the sampling frequency decimation enabled obtaining relatively narrow passband characteristics also in the low frequency range. The filtered signal was available in real time at the digital-to-analog converter output. In the paper, we showed results of simulations and real measurements of filters implementation in the FPGA device. Moreover, we also presented a practical application of the proposed circuit in cooperation with an InAsSb mid-IR detector module, where its self-noise was effectively reduced. The presented device can be regarded as an attractive alternative to the lock-in technique, artificial intelligence algorithms, or wavelet transform in applications where their use is impossible or problematic. Comparing the presented device with the previous proposal, a higher signal-to-noise ratio improvement and wider bandwidth of operation were obtained.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/electronics13224449
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_3133013088</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A818202636</galeid><sourcerecordid>A818202636</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c196t-2ef0a18c38175f9e23667d4acf138b81e21714ef7afca3f15fd2cc9d61a9a7003</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptUMFKAzEQXUTBov0CLwGvbk0y293Nsba2FiqW0p48LGkyWVKym5psBf_elXrw4MxhhuG9N4-XJHeMjgAEfUSHqgu-tSoy4DzLMnGRDDgtRCq44Jd_9utkGOOB9iUYlEAHyftEf8pWoX4gG5Qu3doGyTr4OsimkXuHZL5eTNInGVGTma1tJx2ZW9dhsG1Ndq3tiPGBLDdkhl1vxPqWvHp9chhvkysjXcTh77xJdvPn7fQlXb0tltPJKlVM5F3K0VDJSgUlK8ZGIIc8L3Qmlek97kuGnBUsQ1NIoyQYNjaaKyV0zqSQBaVwk9yfdY_Bf5wwdtXBn0Lbv6yAAVAGtCx71OiMqqXDyrbGd0GqvjU2VvkWje3vk5KVnPIc8p4AZ4IKPsaApjoG28jwVTFa_SRf_ZM8fANpyHhd</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3133013088</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Advanced, Real-Time Programmable FPGA-Based Digital Filtering Unit for IR Detection Modules</title><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><creator>Achtenberg, Krzysztof ; Szplet, Ryszard ; Bielecki, Zbigniew</creator><creatorcontrib>Achtenberg, Krzysztof ; Szplet, Ryszard ; Bielecki, Zbigniew</creatorcontrib><description>This paper presents a programmable digital filtering unit dedicated to operating with signals from infrared (IR) detection modules. The designed device is quite useful for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio due to the reduction in noise and interference from detector–amplifier circuits or external radiation sources. Moreover, the developed device is flexible due to the possibility of programming the desired filter types and their responses. In the circuit, an advanced field-programmable gate array FPGA chip was used to ensure an adequate number of resources that are necessary to implement an effective filtration process. The proposed circuity was assisted by a 32-bit microcontroller to perform controlling functions and could operate at frequency sampling of up to 40 MSa/s with 16-bit resolution. In addition, in our application, the sampling frequency decimation enabled obtaining relatively narrow passband characteristics also in the low frequency range. The filtered signal was available in real time at the digital-to-analog converter output. In the paper, we showed results of simulations and real measurements of filters implementation in the FPGA device. Moreover, we also presented a practical application of the proposed circuit in cooperation with an InAsSb mid-IR detector module, where its self-noise was effectively reduced. The presented device can be regarded as an attractive alternative to the lock-in technique, artificial intelligence algorithms, or wavelet transform in applications where their use is impossible or problematic. Comparing the presented device with the previous proposal, a higher signal-to-noise ratio improvement and wider bandwidth of operation were obtained.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2079-9292</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2079-9292</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/electronics13224449</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Algorithms ; Amplifiers (Electronics) ; Analog circuits ; Artificial intelligence ; Detectors ; Digital integrated circuits ; Digital signal processors ; Digital to analog converters ; Electric filters ; Field programmable gate arrays ; Fourier transforms ; Frequency ranges ; Gallium arsenide ; Indium antimonide ; Infrared filters ; Integrated circuits ; Mercury cadmium telluride ; Modules ; Noise ; Noise reduction ; Radiation ; Radiation sources ; Real time ; Sampling ; Sensors ; Signal processing ; Signal to noise ratio ; Wavelet transforms</subject><ispartof>Electronics (Basel), 2024-11, Vol.13 (22), p.4449</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c196t-2ef0a18c38175f9e23667d4acf138b81e21714ef7afca3f15fd2cc9d61a9a7003</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2777-620X ; 0000-0003-3085-013X ; 0000-0003-3806-9276</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,27907,27908</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Achtenberg, Krzysztof</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Szplet, Ryszard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bielecki, Zbigniew</creatorcontrib><title>Advanced, Real-Time Programmable FPGA-Based Digital Filtering Unit for IR Detection Modules</title><title>Electronics (Basel)</title><description>This paper presents a programmable digital filtering unit dedicated to operating with signals from infrared (IR) detection modules. The designed device is quite useful for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio due to the reduction in noise and interference from detector–amplifier circuits or external radiation sources. Moreover, the developed device is flexible due to the possibility of programming the desired filter types and their responses. In the circuit, an advanced field-programmable gate array FPGA chip was used to ensure an adequate number of resources that are necessary to implement an effective filtration process. The proposed circuity was assisted by a 32-bit microcontroller to perform controlling functions and could operate at frequency sampling of up to 40 MSa/s with 16-bit resolution. In addition, in our application, the sampling frequency decimation enabled obtaining relatively narrow passband characteristics also in the low frequency range. The filtered signal was available in real time at the digital-to-analog converter output. In the paper, we showed results of simulations and real measurements of filters implementation in the FPGA device. Moreover, we also presented a practical application of the proposed circuit in cooperation with an InAsSb mid-IR detector module, where its self-noise was effectively reduced. The presented device can be regarded as an attractive alternative to the lock-in technique, artificial intelligence algorithms, or wavelet transform in applications where their use is impossible or problematic. Comparing the presented device with the previous proposal, a higher signal-to-noise ratio improvement and wider bandwidth of operation were obtained.</description><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Amplifiers (Electronics)</subject><subject>Analog circuits</subject><subject>Artificial intelligence</subject><subject>Detectors</subject><subject>Digital integrated circuits</subject><subject>Digital signal processors</subject><subject>Digital to analog converters</subject><subject>Electric filters</subject><subject>Field programmable gate arrays</subject><subject>Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Frequency ranges</subject><subject>Gallium arsenide</subject><subject>Indium antimonide</subject><subject>Infrared filters</subject><subject>Integrated circuits</subject><subject>Mercury cadmium telluride</subject><subject>Modules</subject><subject>Noise</subject><subject>Noise reduction</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Radiation sources</subject><subject>Real time</subject><subject>Sampling</subject><subject>Sensors</subject><subject>Signal processing</subject><subject>Signal to noise ratio</subject><subject>Wavelet transforms</subject><issn>2079-9292</issn><issn>2079-9292</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNptUMFKAzEQXUTBov0CLwGvbk0y293Nsba2FiqW0p48LGkyWVKym5psBf_elXrw4MxhhuG9N4-XJHeMjgAEfUSHqgu-tSoy4DzLMnGRDDgtRCq44Jd_9utkGOOB9iUYlEAHyftEf8pWoX4gG5Qu3doGyTr4OsimkXuHZL5eTNInGVGTma1tJx2ZW9dhsG1Ndq3tiPGBLDdkhl1vxPqWvHp9chhvkysjXcTh77xJdvPn7fQlXb0tltPJKlVM5F3K0VDJSgUlK8ZGIIc8L3Qmlek97kuGnBUsQ1NIoyQYNjaaKyV0zqSQBaVwk9yfdY_Bf5wwdtXBn0Lbv6yAAVAGtCx71OiMqqXDyrbGd0GqvjU2VvkWje3vk5KVnPIc8p4AZ4IKPsaApjoG28jwVTFa_SRf_ZM8fANpyHhd</recordid><startdate>20241101</startdate><enddate>20241101</enddate><creator>Achtenberg, Krzysztof</creator><creator>Szplet, Ryszard</creator><creator>Bielecki, Zbigniew</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2777-620X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3085-013X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3806-9276</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241101</creationdate><title>Advanced, Real-Time Programmable FPGA-Based Digital Filtering Unit for IR Detection Modules</title><author>Achtenberg, Krzysztof ; Szplet, Ryszard ; Bielecki, Zbigniew</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c196t-2ef0a18c38175f9e23667d4acf138b81e21714ef7afca3f15fd2cc9d61a9a7003</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Algorithms</topic><topic>Amplifiers (Electronics)</topic><topic>Analog circuits</topic><topic>Artificial intelligence</topic><topic>Detectors</topic><topic>Digital integrated circuits</topic><topic>Digital signal processors</topic><topic>Digital to analog converters</topic><topic>Electric filters</topic><topic>Field programmable gate arrays</topic><topic>Fourier transforms</topic><topic>Frequency ranges</topic><topic>Gallium arsenide</topic><topic>Indium antimonide</topic><topic>Infrared filters</topic><topic>Integrated circuits</topic><topic>Mercury cadmium telluride</topic><topic>Modules</topic><topic>Noise</topic><topic>Noise reduction</topic><topic>Radiation</topic><topic>Radiation sources</topic><topic>Real time</topic><topic>Sampling</topic><topic>Sensors</topic><topic>Signal processing</topic><topic>Signal to noise ratio</topic><topic>Wavelet transforms</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Achtenberg, Krzysztof</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Szplet, Ryszard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bielecki, Zbigniew</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics &amp; Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Electronics (Basel)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Achtenberg, Krzysztof</au><au>Szplet, Ryszard</au><au>Bielecki, Zbigniew</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Advanced, Real-Time Programmable FPGA-Based Digital Filtering Unit for IR Detection Modules</atitle><jtitle>Electronics (Basel)</jtitle><date>2024-11-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>22</issue><spage>4449</spage><pages>4449-</pages><issn>2079-9292</issn><eissn>2079-9292</eissn><abstract>This paper presents a programmable digital filtering unit dedicated to operating with signals from infrared (IR) detection modules. The designed device is quite useful for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio due to the reduction in noise and interference from detector–amplifier circuits or external radiation sources. Moreover, the developed device is flexible due to the possibility of programming the desired filter types and their responses. In the circuit, an advanced field-programmable gate array FPGA chip was used to ensure an adequate number of resources that are necessary to implement an effective filtration process. The proposed circuity was assisted by a 32-bit microcontroller to perform controlling functions and could operate at frequency sampling of up to 40 MSa/s with 16-bit resolution. In addition, in our application, the sampling frequency decimation enabled obtaining relatively narrow passband characteristics also in the low frequency range. The filtered signal was available in real time at the digital-to-analog converter output. In the paper, we showed results of simulations and real measurements of filters implementation in the FPGA device. Moreover, we also presented a practical application of the proposed circuit in cooperation with an InAsSb mid-IR detector module, where its self-noise was effectively reduced. The presented device can be regarded as an attractive alternative to the lock-in technique, artificial intelligence algorithms, or wavelet transform in applications where their use is impossible or problematic. Comparing the presented device with the previous proposal, a higher signal-to-noise ratio improvement and wider bandwidth of operation were obtained.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/electronics13224449</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2777-620X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3085-013X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3806-9276</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 2079-9292
ispartof Electronics (Basel), 2024-11, Vol.13 (22), p.4449
issn 2079-9292
2079-9292
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_journals_3133013088
source MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals
subjects Algorithms
Amplifiers (Electronics)
Analog circuits
Artificial intelligence
Detectors
Digital integrated circuits
Digital signal processors
Digital to analog converters
Electric filters
Field programmable gate arrays
Fourier transforms
Frequency ranges
Gallium arsenide
Indium antimonide
Infrared filters
Integrated circuits
Mercury cadmium telluride
Modules
Noise
Noise reduction
Radiation
Radiation sources
Real time
Sampling
Sensors
Signal processing
Signal to noise ratio
Wavelet transforms
title Advanced, Real-Time Programmable FPGA-Based Digital Filtering Unit for IR Detection Modules
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-16T23%3A07%3A42IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Advanced,%20Real-Time%20Programmable%20FPGA-Based%20Digital%20Filtering%20Unit%20for%20IR%20Detection%20Modules&rft.jtitle=Electronics%20(Basel)&rft.au=Achtenberg,%20Krzysztof&rft.date=2024-11-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=4449&rft.pages=4449-&rft.issn=2079-9292&rft.eissn=2079-9292&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/electronics13224449&rft_dat=%3Cgale_proqu%3EA818202636%3C/gale_proqu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=3133013088&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_galeid=A818202636&rfr_iscdi=true