Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Nanorods for Efficient Electronic Transport Layer of Perovskite Solar Cells

This study presents the fabrication and characterization of TiO 2 nanorods (NRs) synthesized via the hydrothermal method, employing different precursor concentrations and hydrothermal durations. Comprehensive analyses of surface morphology, crystal structure, and optical properties were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD patterns and transmittance spectra confirmed that the TiO 2 NRs possess a single-phase rutile structure with a band gap of approximately 3.11 eV. Notably, the PL quenching coefficient reached 93%, indicating excellent carrier transport efficiency between halide perovskite materials and TiO 2 NRs. These findings highlight the potential of TiO 2 NRs as efficient electronic transport layers in high-performance optoelectronic devices, such as perovskite solar cells.