Development of l-CDB-4022 as a Nonsteroidal Male Oral Contraceptive: Induction and Recovery from Severe Oligospermia in the Adult Male Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
The present study was undertaken to examine the antispermatogenic effect of l-CDB-4022 in the adult male cynomolgus monkey. Monkeys (four per group) were dosed via nasogastric tube for 7 d with l-CDB-4022 at 12.5 mg/kg·d or vehicle (d 0 = first day of dosing). Plasma levels of l-CDB-4022 and its dee...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Endocrinology (Philadelphia) 2007-04, Vol.148 (4), p.1784-1796 |
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| creator | Hild, Sheri Ann Marshall, Gary R Attardi, Barbara J Hess, Rex A Schlatt, Stefan Simorangkir, David R Ramaswamy, Suresh Koduri, Sailaja Reel, Jerry R Plant, Tony M |
| description | The present study was undertaken to examine the antispermatogenic effect of l-CDB-4022 in the adult male cynomolgus monkey. Monkeys (four per group) were dosed via nasogastric tube for 7 d with l-CDB-4022 at 12.5 mg/kg·d or vehicle (d 0 = first day of dosing). Plasma levels of l-CDB-4022 and its deesterified metabolite were nondetectable prior to treatment and in all vehicle-treated monkeys. Peak levels of l-CDB-4022 and its metabolite were observed at 4 h after dosing with steady-state levels apparent around d 4. Sperm concentration and total sperm per ejaculate were decreased to levels below 1 × 106 sperm/ml or sperm/ejaculate in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys by d 17 and remained suppressed through wk 6. Sperm motility also declined to 0% for 6 wk. Testicular volume was reduced in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys through d 21. The left testis and epididymis were removed from all monkeys on d 24. At this time, the most mature germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of testes from l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys were either spermatocytes or round spermatids. Immature germ cells, but not mature sperm, were found in the efferent ducts and collapsed epididymal lumen of l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys. A steady recovery in sperm motility, concentration, and total sperm per ejaculate was observed in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys such that these parameters were not different from those of vehicle-treated monkeys by wk 16. Volume of the remaining testis increased in vehicle- and l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys after hemicastration; however, the increase in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys was delayed compared with that observed in the vehicle-treated monkeys. The morphology of the remaining testis and epididymis, which were removed on wk 17, was normal. Serum inhibin B levels were increased in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys during the dosing interval; thereafter serum inhibin B levels declined such that there was no difference between the groups by wk 3. l-CDB-4022 treatment did not affect circulating levels of testosterone, LH, FSH, or estradiol. In conclusion, these data indicate that in the cynomolgus monkey, a representative higher primate, l-CDB-4022 exerts a selective antispermatogenic action, which was reversible under the conditions of this study and thus has potential as a nonhormonal oral male contraceptive. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1210/en.2006-1487 |
| format | Article |
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Monkeys (four per group) were dosed via nasogastric tube for 7 d with l-CDB-4022 at 12.5 mg/kg·d or vehicle (d 0 = first day of dosing). Plasma levels of l-CDB-4022 and its deesterified metabolite were nondetectable prior to treatment and in all vehicle-treated monkeys. Peak levels of l-CDB-4022 and its metabolite were observed at 4 h after dosing with steady-state levels apparent around d 4. Sperm concentration and total sperm per ejaculate were decreased to levels below 1 × 106 sperm/ml or sperm/ejaculate in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys by d 17 and remained suppressed through wk 6. Sperm motility also declined to 0% for 6 wk. Testicular volume was reduced in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys through d 21. The left testis and epididymis were removed from all monkeys on d 24. At this time, the most mature germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of testes from l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys were either spermatocytes or round spermatids. Immature germ cells, but not mature sperm, were found in the efferent ducts and collapsed epididymal lumen of l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys. A steady recovery in sperm motility, concentration, and total sperm per ejaculate was observed in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys such that these parameters were not different from those of vehicle-treated monkeys by wk 16. Volume of the remaining testis increased in vehicle- and l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys after hemicastration; however, the increase in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys was delayed compared with that observed in the vehicle-treated monkeys. The morphology of the remaining testis and epididymis, which were removed on wk 17, was normal. Serum inhibin B levels were increased in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys during the dosing interval; thereafter serum inhibin B levels declined such that there was no difference between the groups by wk 3. l-CDB-4022 treatment did not affect circulating levels of testosterone, LH, FSH, or estradiol. In conclusion, these data indicate that in the cynomolgus monkey, a representative higher primate, l-CDB-4022 exerts a selective antispermatogenic action, which was reversible under the conditions of this study and thus has potential as a nonhormonal oral male contraceptive.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-7227</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1945-7170</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-1487</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17218411</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ENDOAO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bethesda, MD: Endocrine Society</publisher><subject>17β-Estradiol ; Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Contraceptive Agents, Male - administration & dosage ; Contraceptives ; Dosage ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Epididymis ; Epididymis - anatomy & histology ; Epididymis - drug effects ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone - blood ; Follicle-stimulating hormone ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gametocytes ; Germ cells ; Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics ; Indenes - administration & dosage ; Indenes - pharmacokinetics ; Inhibin ; Luteinizing Hormone - blood ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; Male and female genital diseases. Gonadal dysgenesis. Hermaphroditism. Sex hormones resistance ; Males ; Medical sciences ; Metabolites ; Models, Biological ; Monkeys ; Motility ; Oligospermia - chemically induced ; Oligospermia - rehabilitation ; Oral contraceptives ; Piperidines - administration & dosage ; Piperidines - pharmacokinetics ; Plasma levels ; Recovery ; Recovery of Function ; Sex hormones ; Sperm ; Spermatids ; Spermatocytes ; Testes ; Testis - anatomy & histology ; Testis - drug effects ; Testosterone ; Testosterone - blood ; Tubules ; Vertebrates: endocrinology</subject><ispartof>Endocrinology (Philadelphia), 2007-04, Vol.148 (4), p.1784-1796</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2007 by the Endocrine Society 2007</rights><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2007 by the Endocrine Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-3246739c97b6f92ed0372c73dd8b9d5368ef66408eecfea65d843ebdab0e98393</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18652578$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218411$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hild, Sheri Ann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marshall, Gary R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Attardi, Barbara J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hess, Rex A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schlatt, Stefan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simorangkir, David R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramaswamy, Suresh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koduri, Sailaja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reel, Jerry R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Plant, Tony M</creatorcontrib><title>Development of l-CDB-4022 as a Nonsteroidal Male Oral Contraceptive: Induction and Recovery from Severe Oligospermia in the Adult Male Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)</title><title>Endocrinology (Philadelphia)</title><addtitle>Endocrinology</addtitle><description>The present study was undertaken to examine the antispermatogenic effect of l-CDB-4022 in the adult male cynomolgus monkey. Monkeys (four per group) were dosed via nasogastric tube for 7 d with l-CDB-4022 at 12.5 mg/kg·d or vehicle (d 0 = first day of dosing). Plasma levels of l-CDB-4022 and its deesterified metabolite were nondetectable prior to treatment and in all vehicle-treated monkeys. Peak levels of l-CDB-4022 and its metabolite were observed at 4 h after dosing with steady-state levels apparent around d 4. Sperm concentration and total sperm per ejaculate were decreased to levels below 1 × 106 sperm/ml or sperm/ejaculate in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys by d 17 and remained suppressed through wk 6. Sperm motility also declined to 0% for 6 wk. Testicular volume was reduced in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys through d 21. The left testis and epididymis were removed from all monkeys on d 24. At this time, the most mature germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of testes from l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys were either spermatocytes or round spermatids. Immature germ cells, but not mature sperm, were found in the efferent ducts and collapsed epididymal lumen of l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys. A steady recovery in sperm motility, concentration, and total sperm per ejaculate was observed in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys such that these parameters were not different from those of vehicle-treated monkeys by wk 16. Volume of the remaining testis increased in vehicle- and l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys after hemicastration; however, the increase in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys was delayed compared with that observed in the vehicle-treated monkeys. The morphology of the remaining testis and epididymis, which were removed on wk 17, was normal. Serum inhibin B levels were increased in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys during the dosing interval; thereafter serum inhibin B levels declined such that there was no difference between the groups by wk 3. l-CDB-4022 treatment did not affect circulating levels of testosterone, LH, FSH, or estradiol. In conclusion, these data indicate that in the cynomolgus monkey, a representative higher primate, l-CDB-4022 exerts a selective antispermatogenic action, which was reversible under the conditions of this study and thus has potential as a nonhormonal oral male contraceptive.</description><subject>17β-Estradiol</subject><subject>Administration, Oral</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Contraceptive Agents, Male - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Contraceptives</subject><subject>Dosage</subject><subject>Drug Evaluation, Preclinical</subject><subject>Epididymis</subject><subject>Epididymis - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Epididymis - drug effects</subject><subject>Follicle Stimulating Hormone - blood</subject><subject>Follicle-stimulating hormone</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gametocytes</subject><subject>Germ cells</subject><subject>Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics</subject><subject>Indenes - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Indenes - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Inhibin</subject><subject>Luteinizing Hormone - blood</subject><subject>Macaca fascicularis</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Male and female genital diseases. Gonadal dysgenesis. Hermaphroditism. Sex hormones resistance</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>Monkeys</subject><subject>Motility</subject><subject>Oligospermia - chemically induced</subject><subject>Oligospermia - rehabilitation</subject><subject>Oral contraceptives</subject><subject>Piperidines - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Piperidines - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Plasma levels</subject><subject>Recovery</subject><subject>Recovery of Function</subject><subject>Sex hormones</subject><subject>Sperm</subject><subject>Spermatids</subject><subject>Spermatocytes</subject><subject>Testes</subject><subject>Testis - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Testis - drug effects</subject><subject>Testosterone</subject><subject>Testosterone - blood</subject><subject>Tubules</subject><subject>Vertebrates: endocrinology</subject><issn>0013-7227</issn><issn>1945-7170</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kUtv1DAUhSMEotPCjjWyhBAgkeJXYoddm_Ko1KESj3Xk2DfFJbGDnYw0f4rfiEeJNBvQXfha-nyOj06WPSP4nFCC34E7pxiXOeFSPMg2pOJFLojAD7MNxoTlglJxkp3GeJ-unHP2ODshghLJCdlkf65gB70fB3AT8h3q8_rqMueYUqQiUuiLd3GC4K1RPdqqHtBtSFvt3RSUhnGyO3iPrp2Z9WS9Q8oZ9BW030HYoy74AX1LBiE96-2djyOEwSpkHZp-Arowcz8tqvXe-cH3d3NEW-9-wR693iqdBnUqaqvnXgUb3zzJHnWqj_B0Pc-yHx8_fK8_5ze3n67ri5tccy6nnFFeClbpSrRlV1EwmAmqBTNGtpUpWCmhK0uOJYDuQJWFkZxBa1SLoZKsYmfZi0V3DP73DHFq7v0cXLJsGGG4kFIUOFFvF0oHH2OArhmDHVTYNwQ3h3IacM2hnOZQTsKfr6JzO4A5wmsbCXi5Aimz6rugnLbxyMmyoIWQiXu1cH4e_2eZr5ZsIcEZr4N1MAaI8Zjmnx_9CwO2tOY</recordid><startdate>20070401</startdate><enddate>20070401</enddate><creator>Hild, Sheri Ann</creator><creator>Marshall, Gary R</creator><creator>Attardi, Barbara J</creator><creator>Hess, Rex A</creator><creator>Schlatt, Stefan</creator><creator>Simorangkir, David R</creator><creator>Ramaswamy, Suresh</creator><creator>Koduri, Sailaja</creator><creator>Reel, Jerry R</creator><creator>Plant, Tony M</creator><general>Endocrine Society</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070401</creationdate><title>Development of l-CDB-4022 as a Nonsteroidal Male Oral Contraceptive: Induction and Recovery from Severe Oligospermia in the Adult Male Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)</title><author>Hild, Sheri Ann ; Marshall, Gary R ; Attardi, Barbara J ; Hess, Rex A ; Schlatt, Stefan ; Simorangkir, David R ; Ramaswamy, Suresh ; Koduri, Sailaja ; Reel, Jerry R ; Plant, Tony M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-3246739c97b6f92ed0372c73dd8b9d5368ef66408eecfea65d843ebdab0e98393</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>17β-Estradiol</topic><topic>Administration, Oral</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Contraceptive Agents, Male - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Contraceptives</topic><topic>Dosage</topic><topic>Drug Evaluation, Preclinical</topic><topic>Epididymis</topic><topic>Epididymis - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Epididymis - drug effects</topic><topic>Follicle Stimulating Hormone - blood</topic><topic>Follicle-stimulating hormone</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gametocytes</topic><topic>Germ cells</topic><topic>Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics</topic><topic>Indenes - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Indenes - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Inhibin</topic><topic>Luteinizing Hormone - blood</topic><topic>Macaca fascicularis</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Male and female genital diseases. Gonadal dysgenesis. Hermaphroditism. Sex hormones resistance</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Models, Biological</topic><topic>Monkeys</topic><topic>Motility</topic><topic>Oligospermia - chemically induced</topic><topic>Oligospermia - rehabilitation</topic><topic>Oral contraceptives</topic><topic>Piperidines - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Piperidines - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Plasma levels</topic><topic>Recovery</topic><topic>Recovery of Function</topic><topic>Sex hormones</topic><topic>Sperm</topic><topic>Spermatids</topic><topic>Spermatocytes</topic><topic>Testes</topic><topic>Testis - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Testis - drug effects</topic><topic>Testosterone</topic><topic>Testosterone - blood</topic><topic>Tubules</topic><topic>Vertebrates: endocrinology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hild, Sheri Ann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marshall, Gary R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Attardi, Barbara J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hess, Rex A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schlatt, Stefan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simorangkir, David R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramaswamy, Suresh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koduri, Sailaja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reel, Jerry R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Plant, Tony M</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Endocrinology (Philadelphia)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hild, Sheri Ann</au><au>Marshall, Gary R</au><au>Attardi, Barbara J</au><au>Hess, Rex A</au><au>Schlatt, Stefan</au><au>Simorangkir, David R</au><au>Ramaswamy, Suresh</au><au>Koduri, Sailaja</au><au>Reel, Jerry R</au><au>Plant, Tony M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Development of l-CDB-4022 as a Nonsteroidal Male Oral Contraceptive: Induction and Recovery from Severe Oligospermia in the Adult Male Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)</atitle><jtitle>Endocrinology (Philadelphia)</jtitle><addtitle>Endocrinology</addtitle><date>2007-04-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>148</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1784</spage><epage>1796</epage><pages>1784-1796</pages><issn>0013-7227</issn><eissn>1945-7170</eissn><coden>ENDOAO</coden><abstract>The present study was undertaken to examine the antispermatogenic effect of l-CDB-4022 in the adult male cynomolgus monkey. Monkeys (four per group) were dosed via nasogastric tube for 7 d with l-CDB-4022 at 12.5 mg/kg·d or vehicle (d 0 = first day of dosing). Plasma levels of l-CDB-4022 and its deesterified metabolite were nondetectable prior to treatment and in all vehicle-treated monkeys. Peak levels of l-CDB-4022 and its metabolite were observed at 4 h after dosing with steady-state levels apparent around d 4. Sperm concentration and total sperm per ejaculate were decreased to levels below 1 × 106 sperm/ml or sperm/ejaculate in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys by d 17 and remained suppressed through wk 6. Sperm motility also declined to 0% for 6 wk. Testicular volume was reduced in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys through d 21. The left testis and epididymis were removed from all monkeys on d 24. At this time, the most mature germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of testes from l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys were either spermatocytes or round spermatids. Immature germ cells, but not mature sperm, were found in the efferent ducts and collapsed epididymal lumen of l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys. A steady recovery in sperm motility, concentration, and total sperm per ejaculate was observed in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys such that these parameters were not different from those of vehicle-treated monkeys by wk 16. Volume of the remaining testis increased in vehicle- and l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys after hemicastration; however, the increase in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys was delayed compared with that observed in the vehicle-treated monkeys. The morphology of the remaining testis and epididymis, which were removed on wk 17, was normal. Serum inhibin B levels were increased in l-CDB-4022-treated monkeys during the dosing interval; thereafter serum inhibin B levels declined such that there was no difference between the groups by wk 3. l-CDB-4022 treatment did not affect circulating levels of testosterone, LH, FSH, or estradiol. In conclusion, these data indicate that in the cynomolgus monkey, a representative higher primate, l-CDB-4022 exerts a selective antispermatogenic action, which was reversible under the conditions of this study and thus has potential as a nonhormonal oral male contraceptive.</abstract><cop>Bethesda, MD</cop><pub>Endocrine Society</pub><pmid>17218411</pmid><doi>10.1210/en.2006-1487</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0013-7227 |
| ispartof | Endocrinology (Philadelphia), 2007-04, Vol.148 (4), p.1784-1796 |
| issn | 0013-7227 1945-7170 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_3130588750 |
| source | Electronic Journals Library; MEDLINE; OUP_牛津大学出版社现刊 |
| subjects | 17β-Estradiol Administration, Oral Animals Biological and medical sciences Contraceptive Agents, Male - administration & dosage Contraceptives Dosage Drug Evaluation, Preclinical Epididymis Epididymis - anatomy & histology Epididymis - drug effects Follicle Stimulating Hormone - blood Follicle-stimulating hormone Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gametocytes Germ cells Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics Indenes - administration & dosage Indenes - pharmacokinetics Inhibin Luteinizing Hormone - blood Macaca fascicularis Male Male and female genital diseases. Gonadal dysgenesis. Hermaphroditism. Sex hormones resistance Males Medical sciences Metabolites Models, Biological Monkeys Motility Oligospermia - chemically induced Oligospermia - rehabilitation Oral contraceptives Piperidines - administration & dosage Piperidines - pharmacokinetics Plasma levels Recovery Recovery of Function Sex hormones Sperm Spermatids Spermatocytes Testes Testis - anatomy & histology Testis - drug effects Testosterone Testosterone - blood Tubules Vertebrates: endocrinology |
| title | Development of l-CDB-4022 as a Nonsteroidal Male Oral Contraceptive: Induction and Recovery from Severe Oligospermia in the Adult Male Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis) |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-14T13%3A12%3A51IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Development%20of%20l-CDB-4022%20as%20a%20Nonsteroidal%20Male%20Oral%20Contraceptive:%20Induction%20and%20Recovery%20from%20Severe%20Oligospermia%20in%20the%20Adult%20Male%20Cynomolgus%20Monkey%20(Macaca%20fascicularis)&rft.jtitle=Endocrinology%20(Philadelphia)&rft.au=Hild,%20Sheri%20Ann&rft.date=2007-04-01&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1784&rft.epage=1796&rft.pages=1784-1796&rft.issn=0013-7227&rft.eissn=1945-7170&rft.coden=ENDOAO&rft_id=info:doi/10.1210/en.2006-1487&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E3130588750%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=3130588750&rft_id=info:pmid/17218411&rft_oup_id=10.1210/en.2006-1487&rfr_iscdi=true |