A recent review of the utilization of 3D printing in the development and manufacturing of pharmaceutical dosage forms

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has paved the way in pharmaceutical applications. This innovative methodology presents novel and inventive remedies for patients and the pharmaceutical sector. Moreover, the benefits of this approach encompass the mitigation of adverse effects, customization of formulations for patients with rare medical conditions, and enhancement of therapeutic effectiveness. The objective of our review was to offer a comprehensive survey of the advancements observed in the drug delivery systems that were produced. A thorough inspection has assessed the diverse dosage forms developed using the three-dimensional printing technique (3DP), especially in the last five years. The pharmaceutical industry places significant emphasis on the benefits of developing dosage forms with intricate designs and geometries, incorporating multiple active ingredients, and tailored release profiles due to their versatility and related advantages. Drug delivery systems can be classified into different modalities, tablets, capsules, suppositories, transdermal delivery systems, microneedles, vaginal delivery systems, and nanoscale dosage forms. The utilization of our classification system facilitates researchers' task of evaluating publications and effectively pinpointing further opportunities for research exploration.