Analyzing prejudice against immigrants in sending countries: The Brazilian case

Prejudice against immigrants has been widely studied in the literature, but analyzing immigrant‐receiving countries is not the same as analyzing sending countries, where the number of immigrants is very low. To address this gap, we examine the case of Brazil, a country that has witnessed numerous an...

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Veröffentlicht in:Latin American policy 2024-09, Vol.15 (3), p.423-459
Hauptverfasser: Guimarães, Feliciano de Sá, Fernandes, Ivan Filipe
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description Prejudice against immigrants has been widely studied in the literature, but analyzing immigrant‐receiving countries is not the same as analyzing sending countries, where the number of immigrants is very low. To address this gap, we examine the case of Brazil, a country that has witnessed numerous anecdotal episodes of prejudice against immigrants despite having a very low flow of migrants and therefore minimal material effects on the local population. Our study focuses on the levels of discrimination against immigrants in Brazil, with a specific analysis of four groups—Haitians, Germans, Venezuelans, and internal migrants known as nordestinos. We consider three policy‐related scenarios—housing, health care, and job training. To mitigate social desirability bias, we employ a combination of list and endorsement survey experiments in a face‐to‐face national sample of 1850 respondents conducted in January 2019. The results reveal a widespread negative perception of all groups of foreigners across all scenarios except the local group of migrants. The findings suggest that the Brazilian public's discrimination against foreigners is linked to a pervasive misperception of the social and economic threat immigrants allegedly pose to the nation. 现有文献已广泛研究了对移民的偏见;然而,“分析移民接收国”与“分析移民数量非常少的移民输出国”并不相同。为了填补该研究空白,我们分析了巴西的情况,尽管巴西的移民流量非常低(因此对当地人口的实际影响很小),但该国却目睹了许多对移民有偏见的传闻。我们的研究重点是巴西对移民的歧视程度,具体分析了四个群体——海地人、德国人、委内瑞拉人和被称为“nordestinos”的国内移民。我们考量了三种与政策相关的情景——住房、医疗保健和职业培训。为了减轻社会期望偏差,我们于2019年1月对1850名受访者进行了面对面的全国样本调查,结合了列表和认可调查实验。结果显示,除当地移民群体外,所有情景中都对外国人群体存在普遍的负面感知。研究结果表明,巴西公众对外国人的歧视与“普遍误解移民对国家构成的社会和经济威胁”密切相关。 Los prejuicios contra los inmigrantes han sido ampliamente estudiados en la literatura; sin embargo, no es lo mismo analizar los países receptores de inmigrantes que los países emisores, donde el número de inmigrantes es muy bajo. Para abordar esta carencia, examinamos el caso de Brasil, un país que ha sido testigo de numerosos episodios anecdóticos de prejuicios contra los inmigrantes a pesar de tener un flujo muy bajo de inmigrantes y, por tanto, efectos materiales mínimos sobre la población local. Nuestro estudio se centra en los niveles de discriminación contra los inmigrantes en Brasil, con un análisis específico de cuatro grupos: haitianos, alemanes, venezolanos e inmigrantes internos conocidos como nordestinos. Consideramos tres escenarios relacionados con las políticas: vivienda, asistencia sanitaria y formación para el empleo. Para mitigar el sesgo de deseabilidad soc
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To address this gap, we examine the case of Brazil, a country that has witnessed numerous anecdotal episodes of prejudice against immigrants despite having a very low flow of migrants and therefore minimal material effects on the local population. Our study focuses on the levels of discrimination against immigrants in Brazil, with a specific analysis of four groups—Haitians, Germans, Venezuelans, and internal migrants known as nordestinos. We consider three policy‐related scenarios—housing, health care, and job training. To mitigate social desirability bias, we employ a combination of list and endorsement survey experiments in a face‐to‐face national sample of 1850 respondents conducted in January 2019. The results reveal a widespread negative perception of all groups of foreigners across all scenarios except the local group of migrants. The findings suggest that the Brazilian public's discrimination against foreigners is linked to a pervasive misperception of the social and economic threat immigrants allegedly pose to the nation. 现有文献已广泛研究了对移民的偏见;然而,“分析移民接收国”与“分析移民数量非常少的移民输出国”并不相同。为了填补该研究空白,我们分析了巴西的情况,尽管巴西的移民流量非常低(因此对当地人口的实际影响很小),但该国却目睹了许多对移民有偏见的传闻。我们的研究重点是巴西对移民的歧视程度,具体分析了四个群体——海地人、德国人、委内瑞拉人和被称为“nordestinos”的国内移民。我们考量了三种与政策相关的情景——住房、医疗保健和职业培训。为了减轻社会期望偏差,我们于2019年1月对1850名受访者进行了面对面的全国样本调查,结合了列表和认可调查实验。结果显示,除当地移民群体外,所有情景中都对外国人群体存在普遍的负面感知。研究结果表明,巴西公众对外国人的歧视与“普遍误解移民对国家构成的社会和经济威胁”密切相关。 Los prejuicios contra los inmigrantes han sido ampliamente estudiados en la literatura; sin embargo, no es lo mismo analizar los países receptores de inmigrantes que los países emisores, donde el número de inmigrantes es muy bajo. Para abordar esta carencia, examinamos el caso de Brasil, un país que ha sido testigo de numerosos episodios anecdóticos de prejuicios contra los inmigrantes a pesar de tener un flujo muy bajo de inmigrantes y, por tanto, efectos materiales mínimos sobre la población local. Nuestro estudio se centra en los niveles de discriminación contra los inmigrantes en Brasil, con un análisis específico de cuatro grupos: haitianos, alemanes, venezolanos e inmigrantes internos conocidos como nordestinos. Consideramos tres escenarios relacionados con las políticas: vivienda, asistencia sanitaria y formación para el empleo. Para mitigar el sesgo de deseabilidad social, empleamos una combinación de experimentos de encuesta de lista y endoso en una muestra nacional presencial de 1850 encuestados realizada en enero de 2019. Los resultados revelan una percepción negativa generalizada de todos los grupos de extranjeros en todos los escenarios, excepto el grupo local de migrantes. 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The findings suggest that the Brazilian public's discrimination against foreigners is linked to a pervasive misperception of the social and economic threat immigrants allegedly pose to the nation. 现有文献已广泛研究了对移民的偏见;然而,“分析移民接收国”与“分析移民数量非常少的移民输出国”并不相同。为了填补该研究空白,我们分析了巴西的情况,尽管巴西的移民流量非常低(因此对当地人口的实际影响很小),但该国却目睹了许多对移民有偏见的传闻。我们的研究重点是巴西对移民的歧视程度,具体分析了四个群体——海地人、德国人、委内瑞拉人和被称为“nordestinos”的国内移民。我们考量了三种与政策相关的情景——住房、医疗保健和职业培训。为了减轻社会期望偏差,我们于2019年1月对1850名受访者进行了面对面的全国样本调查,结合了列表和认可调查实验。结果显示,除当地移民群体外,所有情景中都对外国人群体存在普遍的负面感知。研究结果表明,巴西公众对外国人的歧视与“普遍误解移民对国家构成的社会和经济威胁”密切相关。 Los prejuicios contra los inmigrantes han sido ampliamente estudiados en la literatura; sin embargo, no es lo mismo analizar los países receptores de inmigrantes que los países emisores, donde el número de inmigrantes es muy bajo. Para abordar esta carencia, examinamos el caso de Brasil, un país que ha sido testigo de numerosos episodios anecdóticos de prejuicios contra los inmigrantes a pesar de tener un flujo muy bajo de inmigrantes y, por tanto, efectos materiales mínimos sobre la población local. Nuestro estudio se centra en los niveles de discriminación contra los inmigrantes en Brasil, con un análisis específico de cuatro grupos: haitianos, alemanes, venezolanos e inmigrantes internos conocidos como nordestinos. Consideramos tres escenarios relacionados con las políticas: vivienda, asistencia sanitaria y formación para el empleo. Para mitigar el sesgo de deseabilidad social, empleamos una combinación de experimentos de encuesta de lista y endoso en una muestra nacional presencial de 1850 encuestados realizada en enero de 2019. Los resultados revelan una percepción negativa generalizada de todos los grupos de extranjeros en todos los escenarios, excepto el grupo local de migrantes. 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To address this gap, we examine the case of Brazil, a country that has witnessed numerous anecdotal episodes of prejudice against immigrants despite having a very low flow of migrants and therefore minimal material effects on the local population. Our study focuses on the levels of discrimination against immigrants in Brazil, with a specific analysis of four groups—Haitians, Germans, Venezuelans, and internal migrants known as nordestinos. We consider three policy‐related scenarios—housing, health care, and job training. To mitigate social desirability bias, we employ a combination of list and endorsement survey experiments in a face‐to‐face national sample of 1850 respondents conducted in January 2019. The results reveal a widespread negative perception of all groups of foreigners across all scenarios except the local group of migrants. The findings suggest that the Brazilian public's discrimination against foreigners is linked to a pervasive misperception of the social and economic threat immigrants allegedly pose to the nation. 现有文献已广泛研究了对移民的偏见;然而,“分析移民接收国”与“分析移民数量非常少的移民输出国”并不相同。为了填补该研究空白,我们分析了巴西的情况,尽管巴西的移民流量非常低(因此对当地人口的实际影响很小),但该国却目睹了许多对移民有偏见的传闻。我们的研究重点是巴西对移民的歧视程度,具体分析了四个群体——海地人、德国人、委内瑞拉人和被称为“nordestinos”的国内移民。我们考量了三种与政策相关的情景——住房、医疗保健和职业培训。为了减轻社会期望偏差,我们于2019年1月对1850名受访者进行了面对面的全国样本调查,结合了列表和认可调查实验。结果显示,除当地移民群体外,所有情景中都对外国人群体存在普遍的负面感知。研究结果表明,巴西公众对外国人的歧视与“普遍误解移民对国家构成的社会和经济威胁”密切相关。 Los prejuicios contra los inmigrantes han sido ampliamente estudiados en la literatura; sin embargo, no es lo mismo analizar los países receptores de inmigrantes que los países emisores, donde el número de inmigrantes es muy bajo. Para abordar esta carencia, examinamos el caso de Brasil, un país que ha sido testigo de numerosos episodios anecdóticos de prejuicios contra los inmigrantes a pesar de tener un flujo muy bajo de inmigrantes y, por tanto, efectos materiales mínimos sobre la población local. Nuestro estudio se centra en los niveles de discriminación contra los inmigrantes en Brasil, con un análisis específico de cuatro grupos: haitianos, alemanes, venezolanos e inmigrantes internos conocidos como nordestinos. Consideramos tres escenarios relacionados con las políticas: vivienda, asistencia sanitaria y formación para el empleo. Para mitigar el sesgo de deseabilidad social, empleamos una combinación de experimentos de encuesta de lista y endoso en una muestra nacional presencial de 1850 encuestados realizada en enero de 2019. Los resultados revelan una percepción negativa generalizada de todos los grupos de extranjeros en todos los escenarios, excepto el grupo local de migrantes. Los resultados sugieren que la discriminación del público brasileño contra los extranjeros está vinculada a una percepción errónea generalizada de la amenaza social y económica que los inmigrantes supuestamente representan para la nación.</abstract><cop>Monterrey</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><doi>10.1111/lamp.12352</doi><tpages>37</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4236-4393</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8069-4967</orcidid></addata></record>
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subjects Discrimination
endorsement experiment
European cultural groups
experimento de aprobación
experimento de lista
Experiments
Housing
Immigrants
Job training
list experiment
Migrants
migration
misperception
nacionalismo
nationalism
Noncitizens
percepción errónea
Polls & surveys
Prejudice
prejuicio migratorio
Respondents
偏见
列举实验
民族主义
移民
背书实验
错误感知
title Analyzing prejudice against immigrants in sending countries: The Brazilian case
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