Investigation of End-of-Life Chrome-Magnesia Refractories Using X-Ray Computed Tomography
The lifespan of refractory linings is a major industrial concern for safety, on-line availability, and financial reasons. In copper smelting, batchwise operating matte converters are the furnaces that pose the greatest challenge when it comes to refractory wear and lining life. In this work, the str...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | JOM (1989) 2024-11, Vol.76 (11), p.6650-6659 |
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| container_title | JOM (1989) |
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| creator | Pankka, Iida Ahmed, Muhammad Saboor Tammela, Joonas Taskinen, Pekka Lindberg, Daniel |
| description | The lifespan of refractory linings is a major industrial concern for safety, on-line availability, and financial reasons. In copper smelting, batchwise operating matte converters are the furnaces that pose the greatest challenge when it comes to refractory wear and lining life. In this work, the structure and morphology of used magnesia–chrome bricks were studied using X-ray computed tomography and mineralogical techniques. The bricks were taken from various locations of an end-of-life brick lining of an industrial Peirce–Smith converter, after a normal campaign at Boliden Harjavalta smelter (Finland). The results show that it is possible to visualize in 3D, e.g., porosity, metal-containing phases, and refractory magnesia in the used bricks. Different digital images, such as cross-sections and average volume fractions, were used as a non-destructive method to characterize the bricks’ internal structure. The metal/matte infiltration in the open porosity was found to differ based on the location in the converter, with some bricks having no metal/matte infiltration and the tuyere line showing metal/matte infiltration at a depth of about 100 mm from the hot face. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11837-024-06826-6 |
| format | Article |
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In copper smelting, batchwise operating matte converters are the furnaces that pose the greatest challenge when it comes to refractory wear and lining life. In this work, the structure and morphology of used magnesia–chrome bricks were studied using X-ray computed tomography and mineralogical techniques. The bricks were taken from various locations of an end-of-life brick lining of an industrial Peirce–Smith converter, after a normal campaign at Boliden Harjavalta smelter (Finland). The results show that it is possible to visualize in 3D, e.g., porosity, metal-containing phases, and refractory magnesia in the used bricks. Different digital images, such as cross-sections and average volume fractions, were used as a non-destructive method to characterize the bricks’ internal structure. 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| subjects | Bricks Chemistry/Food Science Cold Computed tomography Copper Copper converters Copper mattes Digital imaging Drilling Earth Sciences End of life Engineering Environment Infiltration Linings Metallurgy Mineralogy Morphology Nondestructive testing Physics Porosity Refractory materials Smelters Software Technical Article Tomography Tuyeres X-rays |
| title | Investigation of End-of-Life Chrome-Magnesia Refractories Using X-Ray Computed Tomography |
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