Ultraviolet Radiation Fields in Star-forming Disk Galaxies: Numerical Simulations with TIGRESS-NCR
With numerical simulations that employ adaptive ray-tracing (ART) for radiative transfer at the same time as evolving gas magnetohydrodynamics, thermodynamics, and photochemistry, it is possible to obtain a high-resolution view of ultraviolet (UV) fields and their effects in realistic models of the...
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description | With numerical simulations that employ adaptive ray-tracing (ART) for radiative transfer at the same time as evolving gas magnetohydrodynamics, thermodynamics, and photochemistry, it is possible to obtain a high-resolution view of ultraviolet (UV) fields and their effects in realistic models of the multiphase interstellar medium. Here, we analyze results from TIGRESS-NCR simulations, which follow both far-UV (FUV) wavelengths, important for photoelectric heating and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon excitation, and the Lyman continuum (LyC), which photoionizes hydrogen. Considering two models, representing solar neighborhood and inner-galaxy conditions, we characterize the spatial distribution and time variation of UV radiation fields, and quantify their correlations with gas. We compare four approximate models for the FUV to simulated values to evaluate alternatives when full ART is infeasible. By convolving FUV radiation with density, we produce mock maps of dust emission. We introduce a method to calibrate mid-IR observations, for example from JWST, to obtain high-resolution gas surface density maps. We then consider the LyC radiation field, finding most of the gas exposed to this radiation to be in ionization–recombination equilibrium and to have a low neutral fraction. Additionally, we characterize the ionization parameter as a function of the environment. Using a simplified model of the LyC radiation field, we produce synthetic maps of emission measure (EM). We show that the simplified model can be used to extract an estimate of the neutral fraction of the photoionized gas and mean free path of ionizing radiation from observed EM maps in galaxies. |
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Here, we analyze results from TIGRESS-NCR simulations, which follow both far-UV (FUV) wavelengths, important for photoelectric heating and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon excitation, and the Lyman continuum (LyC), which photoionizes hydrogen. Considering two models, representing solar neighborhood and inner-galaxy conditions, we characterize the spatial distribution and time variation of UV radiation fields, and quantify their correlations with gas. We compare four approximate models for the FUV to simulated values to evaluate alternatives when full ART is infeasible. By convolving FUV radiation with density, we produce mock maps of dust emission. We introduce a method to calibrate mid-IR observations, for example from JWST, to obtain high-resolution gas surface density maps. We then consider the LyC radiation field, finding most of the gas exposed to this radiation to be in ionization–recombination equilibrium and to have a low neutral fraction. Additionally, we characterize the ionization parameter as a function of the environment. Using a simplified model of the LyC radiation field, we produce synthetic maps of emission measure (EM). We show that the simplified model can be used to extract an estimate of the neutral fraction of the photoionized gas and mean free path of ionizing radiation from observed EM maps in galaxies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0004-637X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1538-4357</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad7733</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Philadelphia: The American Astronomical Society</publisher><subject>Aromatic hydrocarbons ; Astronomical models ; Cosmic dust ; Density ; Disk galaxies ; Dust emission ; Emission ; Emission measurements ; Galaxy distribution ; High resolution ; Interstellar gas ; Interstellar matter ; Interstellar medium ; Interstellar radiation field ; Ionization ; Ionizing radiation ; Magnetohydrodynamical simulations ; Magnetohydrodynamics ; Mathematical analysis ; Numerical simulations ; Photochemistry ; Photoelectricity ; Photoionization ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Radiation ; Radiative transfer ; Ray tracing ; Simulation ; Solar neighborhood ; Spatial distribution ; Star formation ; Thermodynamics ; Ultraviolet radiation ; Wavelengths</subject><ispartof>The Astrophysical journal, 2024-11, Vol.975 (2), p.173</ispartof><rights>2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). 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J</addtitle><description>With numerical simulations that employ adaptive ray-tracing (ART) for radiative transfer at the same time as evolving gas magnetohydrodynamics, thermodynamics, and photochemistry, it is possible to obtain a high-resolution view of ultraviolet (UV) fields and their effects in realistic models of the multiphase interstellar medium. Here, we analyze results from TIGRESS-NCR simulations, which follow both far-UV (FUV) wavelengths, important for photoelectric heating and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon excitation, and the Lyman continuum (LyC), which photoionizes hydrogen. Considering two models, representing solar neighborhood and inner-galaxy conditions, we characterize the spatial distribution and time variation of UV radiation fields, and quantify their correlations with gas. We compare four approximate models for the FUV to simulated values to evaluate alternatives when full ART is infeasible. By convolving FUV radiation with density, we produce mock maps of dust emission. We introduce a method to calibrate mid-IR observations, for example from JWST, to obtain high-resolution gas surface density maps. We then consider the LyC radiation field, finding most of the gas exposed to this radiation to be in ionization–recombination equilibrium and to have a low neutral fraction. Additionally, we characterize the ionization parameter as a function of the environment. Using a simplified model of the LyC radiation field, we produce synthetic maps of emission measure (EM). 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Kim, Jeong-Gyu ; Kim, Chang-Goo ; Ostriker, Eve C.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c299t-50cc7a67f6d6a6ac0a23d357a799d367f6b01d0cfa4584fa12b7e1a47ffeab593</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Aromatic hydrocarbons</topic><topic>Astronomical models</topic><topic>Cosmic dust</topic><topic>Density</topic><topic>Disk galaxies</topic><topic>Dust emission</topic><topic>Emission</topic><topic>Emission measurements</topic><topic>Galaxy distribution</topic><topic>High resolution</topic><topic>Interstellar gas</topic><topic>Interstellar matter</topic><topic>Interstellar medium</topic><topic>Interstellar radiation field</topic><topic>Ionization</topic><topic>Ionizing radiation</topic><topic>Magnetohydrodynamical simulations</topic><topic>Magnetohydrodynamics</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Numerical simulations</topic><topic>Photochemistry</topic><topic>Photoelectricity</topic><topic>Photoionization</topic><topic>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</topic><topic>Radiation</topic><topic>Radiative transfer</topic><topic>Ray tracing</topic><topic>Simulation</topic><topic>Solar neighborhood</topic><topic>Spatial distribution</topic><topic>Star formation</topic><topic>Thermodynamics</topic><topic>Ultraviolet radiation</topic><topic>Wavelengths</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Linzer, Nora B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jeong-Gyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Chang-Goo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ostriker, Eve C.</creatorcontrib><collection>Institute of Physics Open Access Journal Titles</collection><collection>IOPscience (Open Access)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>The Astrophysical journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Linzer, Nora B.</au><au>Kim, Jeong-Gyu</au><au>Kim, Chang-Goo</au><au>Ostriker, Eve C.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ultraviolet Radiation Fields in Star-forming Disk Galaxies: Numerical Simulations with TIGRESS-NCR</atitle><jtitle>The Astrophysical journal</jtitle><stitle>APJ</stitle><addtitle>Astrophys. J</addtitle><date>2024-11-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>975</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>173</spage><pages>173-</pages><issn>0004-637X</issn><eissn>1538-4357</eissn><abstract>With numerical simulations that employ adaptive ray-tracing (ART) for radiative transfer at the same time as evolving gas magnetohydrodynamics, thermodynamics, and photochemistry, it is possible to obtain a high-resolution view of ultraviolet (UV) fields and their effects in realistic models of the multiphase interstellar medium. Here, we analyze results from TIGRESS-NCR simulations, which follow both far-UV (FUV) wavelengths, important for photoelectric heating and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon excitation, and the Lyman continuum (LyC), which photoionizes hydrogen. Considering two models, representing solar neighborhood and inner-galaxy conditions, we characterize the spatial distribution and time variation of UV radiation fields, and quantify their correlations with gas. We compare four approximate models for the FUV to simulated values to evaluate alternatives when full ART is infeasible. By convolving FUV radiation with density, we produce mock maps of dust emission. We introduce a method to calibrate mid-IR observations, for example from JWST, to obtain high-resolution gas surface density maps. We then consider the LyC radiation field, finding most of the gas exposed to this radiation to be in ionization–recombination equilibrium and to have a low neutral fraction. Additionally, we characterize the ionization parameter as a function of the environment. Using a simplified model of the LyC radiation field, we produce synthetic maps of emission measure (EM). 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subjects | Aromatic hydrocarbons Astronomical models Cosmic dust Density Disk galaxies Dust emission Emission Emission measurements Galaxy distribution High resolution Interstellar gas Interstellar matter Interstellar medium Interstellar radiation field Ionization Ionizing radiation Magnetohydrodynamical simulations Magnetohydrodynamics Mathematical analysis Numerical simulations Photochemistry Photoelectricity Photoionization Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Radiation Radiative transfer Ray tracing Simulation Solar neighborhood Spatial distribution Star formation Thermodynamics Ultraviolet radiation Wavelengths |
title | Ultraviolet Radiation Fields in Star-forming Disk Galaxies: Numerical Simulations with TIGRESS-NCR |
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