Small body size and extreme cortical bone remodeling indicate phyletic dwarfism in Magyarosaurus dacus (Sauropoda: Titanosauria)
Sauropods were the largest terrestrial tetrapods (>10⁵ kg) in Earth's history and grew at rates that rival those of extant mammals. Magyarosaurus dacus, a titanosaurian sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Romania, is known exclusively from small individuals (
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2010-05, Vol.107 (20), p.9258-9263 |
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| container_title | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS |
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| creator | Stein, Koen Csiki, Zoltan Rogers, Kristina Curry Weishampel, David B Redelstorff, Ragna Carballido, Jose L Sander, P. Martin |
| description | Sauropods were the largest terrestrial tetrapods (>10⁵ kg) in Earth's history and grew at rates that rival those of extant mammals. Magyarosaurus dacus, a titanosaurian sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Romania, is known exclusively from small individuals ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.1000781107 |
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Martin</creator><creatorcontrib>Stein, Koen ; Csiki, Zoltan ; Rogers, Kristina Curry ; Weishampel, David B ; Redelstorff, Ragna ; Carballido, Jose L ; Sander, P. Martin</creatorcontrib><description>Sauropods were the largest terrestrial tetrapods (>10⁵ kg) in Earth's history and grew at rates that rival those of extant mammals. Magyarosaurus dacus, a titanosaurian sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Romania, is known exclusively from small individuals (<10³ kg) and conflicts with the idea that all sauropods were massive. The diminutive M. dacus was a classical example of island dwarfism (phyletic nanism) in dinosaurs, but a recent study suggested that the small Romanian titanosaurs actually represent juveniles of a larger-bodied taxon. Here we present strong histological evidence that M. dacus was indeed a dwarf (phyletic nanoid). Bone histological analysis of an ontogenetic series of Magyarosaurus limb bones indicates that even the smallest Magyarosaurus specimens exhibit a bone microstructure identical to fully mature or old individuals of other sauropod taxa. Comparison of histologies with large-bodied sauropods suggests that Magyarosaurus had an extremely reduced growth rate, but had retained high basal metabolic rates typical for sauropods. The uniquely decreased growth rate and diminutive body size in Magyarosaurus were adaptations to life on a Cretaceous island and show that sauropod dinosaurs were not exempt from general ecological principles limiting body size.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1000781107</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20435913</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Academy of Sciences</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biological Sciences ; Body size ; Body Size - physiology ; Body Weights and Measures ; Bone and Bones - pathology ; Bone Development - physiology ; Bone Remodeling - physiology ; Bones ; Dacus ; Dinosaurs ; Dinosaurs - abnormalities ; Dinosaurs - growth & development ; Dwarfism - pathology ; Dwarfism - physiopathology ; Dwarfism - veterinary ; Ecology ; Femur ; Fossils ; Geography ; Height ; Histology ; Humerus ; Long bones ; Physical growth ; Renovations ; Romania ; Sauropoda ; Specimens ; Taxa ; Vertebrates</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2010-05, Vol.107 (20), p.9258-9263</ispartof><rights>Copyright National Academy of Sciences May 18, 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a503t-e5fbf8c81958ff4c6bfcd9b35c4d5ba2ecec18276cba7bd54c7a538b5fa9dcd53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a503t-e5fbf8c81958ff4c6bfcd9b35c4d5ba2ecec18276cba7bd54c7a538b5fa9dcd53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/107/20.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25681580$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/25681580$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,799,881,27901,27902,53766,53768,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20435913$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Stein, Koen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Csiki, Zoltan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rogers, Kristina Curry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weishampel, David B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Redelstorff, Ragna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carballido, Jose L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sander, P. Martin</creatorcontrib><title>Small body size and extreme cortical bone remodeling indicate phyletic dwarfism in Magyarosaurus dacus (Sauropoda: Titanosauria)</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>Sauropods were the largest terrestrial tetrapods (>10⁵ kg) in Earth's history and grew at rates that rival those of extant mammals. Magyarosaurus dacus, a titanosaurian sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Romania, is known exclusively from small individuals (<10³ kg) and conflicts with the idea that all sauropods were massive. The diminutive M. dacus was a classical example of island dwarfism (phyletic nanism) in dinosaurs, but a recent study suggested that the small Romanian titanosaurs actually represent juveniles of a larger-bodied taxon. Here we present strong histological evidence that M. dacus was indeed a dwarf (phyletic nanoid). Bone histological analysis of an ontogenetic series of Magyarosaurus limb bones indicates that even the smallest Magyarosaurus specimens exhibit a bone microstructure identical to fully mature or old individuals of other sauropod taxa. Comparison of histologies with large-bodied sauropods suggests that Magyarosaurus had an extremely reduced growth rate, but had retained high basal metabolic rates typical for sauropods. The uniquely decreased growth rate and diminutive body size in Magyarosaurus were adaptations to life on a Cretaceous island and show that sauropod dinosaurs were not exempt from general ecological principles limiting body size.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subject>Body size</subject><subject>Body Size - physiology</subject><subject>Body Weights and Measures</subject><subject>Bone and Bones - pathology</subject><subject>Bone Development - physiology</subject><subject>Bone Remodeling - physiology</subject><subject>Bones</subject><subject>Dacus</subject><subject>Dinosaurs</subject><subject>Dinosaurs - abnormalities</subject><subject>Dinosaurs - growth & development</subject><subject>Dwarfism - pathology</subject><subject>Dwarfism - physiopathology</subject><subject>Dwarfism - veterinary</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Femur</subject><subject>Fossils</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Height</subject><subject>Histology</subject><subject>Humerus</subject><subject>Long bones</subject><subject>Physical growth</subject><subject>Renovations</subject><subject>Romania</subject><subject>Sauropoda</subject><subject>Specimens</subject><subject>Taxa</subject><subject>Vertebrates</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkruPEzEQxi0E4kKgpgIsGqAI5-euTYGETrykQxS5q61Z25tztLvO2btAqPjTcUi4AA2NH_P95pNnPAg9pOQlJTU_3QyQy4mQWtESuIVmlGi6qIQmt9GMEFYvlGDiBN3LeV0wLRW5i04YEVxqymfox7KHrsNNdFucw3ePYXDYfxuT7z22MY3Bwk4ePC6h6HwXhhUOgyvx0ePN1bbzhcHuK6Q25L5I-BOstpBihilNGTuwZX2-LLe4iQ5e4YswwvBLDvDiPrrTQpf9g8M-R5fv3l6cfVicf37_8ezN-QIk4ePCy7ZplVW0VNC2wlZNa51uuLTCyQaYt95SxerKNlA3Tgpbg-SqkS1oZ53kc_R677uZmt4764cxQWc2KfSQtiZCMH8rQ7gyq_jFMKU00aQYPDsYpHg9-TyaPmTruw4GH6dsaiErrivO_k9yLgnZsXP09B9yHac0lD4YThnTmpdPmqPTPWRLT3Py7c2jKTG7KTC7KTDHKSgZj_-s9Yb__e0FeHIAdplHu7ogRjOpCvFoT6zzGNPRQVaKlhk6OrQQDaxSyOZyyQjlhCohpOD8J_szzys</recordid><startdate>20100518</startdate><enddate>20100518</enddate><creator>Stein, Koen</creator><creator>Csiki, Zoltan</creator><creator>Rogers, Kristina Curry</creator><creator>Weishampel, David B</creator><creator>Redelstorff, Ragna</creator><creator>Carballido, Jose L</creator><creator>Sander, P. 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Martin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Small body size and extreme cortical bone remodeling indicate phyletic dwarfism in Magyarosaurus dacus (Sauropoda: Titanosauria)</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>2010-05-18</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>107</volume><issue>20</issue><spage>9258</spage><epage>9263</epage><pages>9258-9263</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><abstract>Sauropods were the largest terrestrial tetrapods (>10⁵ kg) in Earth's history and grew at rates that rival those of extant mammals. Magyarosaurus dacus, a titanosaurian sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Romania, is known exclusively from small individuals (<10³ kg) and conflicts with the idea that all sauropods were massive. 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| subjects | Animals Biological Sciences Body size Body Size - physiology Body Weights and Measures Bone and Bones - pathology Bone Development - physiology Bone Remodeling - physiology Bones Dacus Dinosaurs Dinosaurs - abnormalities Dinosaurs - growth & development Dwarfism - pathology Dwarfism - physiopathology Dwarfism - veterinary Ecology Femur Fossils Geography Height Histology Humerus Long bones Physical growth Renovations Romania Sauropoda Specimens Taxa Vertebrates |
| title | Small body size and extreme cortical bone remodeling indicate phyletic dwarfism in Magyarosaurus dacus (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) |
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