Esterification Process in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by Geotrichum candidum Lipase Produced with Mozzarella Cheese Whey and Corn Steep Liquor
The valorization of industrial waste in the production of new products is a growing trend, with food waste showing significant promise as a raw material for various industries. Thus, this research aimed to investigate the production of Geotrichum candidum lipase using industrial waste, such as mozza...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Processes 2024-10, Vol.12 (10), p.2086 |
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| description | The valorization of industrial waste in the production of new products is a growing trend, with food waste showing significant promise as a raw material for various industries. Thus, this research aimed to investigate the production of Geotrichum candidum lipase using industrial waste, such as mozzarella cheese whey (MCW) and corn steep liquor (CSL), and to analyze how effectively it catalyzes the esterification of oleic acid with methanol. Lipase production was carried out in medium containing MCW and CSL, with fermentation conditions optimized using a fractional factorial experimental design and central composite experimental design. The highest activities (16.71 U/mL in 24 h and 17.80 U/mL in 48 h) were found in conditions of 13.6% (%w/v) CSL and 37.1% (%w/v) MCW, with corn oil fixed at 1% (%w/v) and pH fixed at 6,00. Esterification conditions were evaluated at atmospheric pressure, both in a solvent-free environment and using hexane, as well as under high pressures with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). The produced lipase demonstrated high catalytic activity for the esterification reaction of oleic acid with methanol under SC-CO2 with an increase of 39.41% in the yield. The yields found confirm the feasibility of producing lipase from industrial waste, thus presenting it as a sustainable and efficient alternative for industrial processes, and show that there is no need to use toxic organic solvents in esterification reactions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/pr12102086 |
| format | Article |
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Thus, this research aimed to investigate the production of Geotrichum candidum lipase using industrial waste, such as mozzarella cheese whey (MCW) and corn steep liquor (CSL), and to analyze how effectively it catalyzes the esterification of oleic acid with methanol. Lipase production was carried out in medium containing MCW and CSL, with fermentation conditions optimized using a fractional factorial experimental design and central composite experimental design. The highest activities (16.71 U/mL in 24 h and 17.80 U/mL in 48 h) were found in conditions of 13.6% (%w/v) CSL and 37.1% (%w/v) MCW, with corn oil fixed at 1% (%w/v) and pH fixed at 6,00. Esterification conditions were evaluated at atmospheric pressure, both in a solvent-free environment and using hexane, as well as under high pressures with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). The produced lipase demonstrated high catalytic activity for the esterification reaction of oleic acid with methanol under SC-CO2 with an increase of 39.41% in the yield. The yields found confirm the feasibility of producing lipase from industrial waste, thus presenting it as a sustainable and efficient alternative for industrial processes, and show that there is no need to use toxic organic solvents in esterification reactions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2227-9717</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2227-9717</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/pr12102086</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Amino acids ; Carbon dioxide ; Catalytic activity ; Cheese ; Consumption ; Corn ; Dairy products ; Design of experiments ; Dietary minerals ; Environmental impact ; Enzymes ; Esterification ; Ethanol ; Fatty acids ; Feeds ; Fermentation ; Food ; Food industry ; Food processing ; Geotrichum candidum ; Hexanes ; Industrial wastes ; Lactose ; Lipase ; Lipids ; Methanol ; Microorganisms ; Monounsaturated fatty acids ; Nitrogen ; Oleic acid ; Phenolphthalein ; Proteins ; Raw materials ; Solvents ; Toxic wastes ; Toxicity ; Whey</subject><ispartof>Processes, 2024-10, Vol.12 (10), p.2086</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Thus, this research aimed to investigate the production of Geotrichum candidum lipase using industrial waste, such as mozzarella cheese whey (MCW) and corn steep liquor (CSL), and to analyze how effectively it catalyzes the esterification of oleic acid with methanol. Lipase production was carried out in medium containing MCW and CSL, with fermentation conditions optimized using a fractional factorial experimental design and central composite experimental design. The highest activities (16.71 U/mL in 24 h and 17.80 U/mL in 48 h) were found in conditions of 13.6% (%w/v) CSL and 37.1% (%w/v) MCW, with corn oil fixed at 1% (%w/v) and pH fixed at 6,00. Esterification conditions were evaluated at atmospheric pressure, both in a solvent-free environment and using hexane, as well as under high pressures with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). The produced lipase demonstrated high catalytic activity for the esterification reaction of oleic acid with methanol under SC-CO2 with an increase of 39.41% in the yield. The yields found confirm the feasibility of producing lipase from industrial waste, thus presenting it as a sustainable and efficient alternative for industrial processes, and show that there is no need to use toxic organic solvents in esterification reactions.</description><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Catalytic activity</subject><subject>Cheese</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Corn</subject><subject>Dairy products</subject><subject>Design of experiments</subject><subject>Dietary minerals</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Esterification</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Feeds</subject><subject>Fermentation</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food industry</subject><subject>Food processing</subject><subject>Geotrichum candidum</subject><subject>Hexanes</subject><subject>Industrial wastes</subject><subject>Lactose</subject><subject>Lipase</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Methanol</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Monounsaturated fatty acids</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Oleic acid</subject><subject>Phenolphthalein</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Raw materials</subject><subject>Solvents</subject><subject>Toxic wastes</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Whey</subject><issn>2227-9717</issn><issn>2227-9717</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNptUdtKxDAQLaKgqC9-QcA3YTWXNmkfpeoqrCio-FjSZOJm6TY1SdHdP_FvjayggjMPcznnzDBMlh0RfMpYhc8GTyjBFJd8K9ujlIpJJYjY_pXvZochLHCyirCy4HvZx2WI4K2xSkbrenTvnYIQkO3RwziAV97GhHWolr5N-IV171ZDKqPsVmvQqF2hKbjorZqPS6Rkr61OycwOMsDXPD2qRHuzcY5u3XotPXSdRPUcIOHPc1ihpEG182llBBiS9HV0_iDbMbILcPgd97Onq8vH-noyu5ve1OeziaIFiRNZUg6tKFSOsSC5YIYxk4NkmuO8SocbzlssOAZSSAItaJYXlTayLBVWlWH72fFm7uDd6wghNgs3-j6tbBihWJQUc_rDepEdNLY36WKpljao5rwkORMFFzyxTv9hJdewtMr1YGzq_xGcbATKuxA8mGbwdin9qiG4-Xpq8_NU9gl59JSK</recordid><startdate>20241001</startdate><enddate>20241001</enddate><creator>Ramos, Paulo Rodolfo</creator><creator>de Oliveira, Alessandra Lopes</creator><creator>Ramos, Giselle Vallim Correa</creator><creator>Kamimura, Eliana Setsuko</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-6000</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3407-2390</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2873-1481</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241001</creationdate><title>Esterification Process in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by Geotrichum candidum Lipase Produced with Mozzarella Cheese Whey and Corn Steep Liquor</title><author>Ramos, Paulo Rodolfo ; 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Thus, this research aimed to investigate the production of Geotrichum candidum lipase using industrial waste, such as mozzarella cheese whey (MCW) and corn steep liquor (CSL), and to analyze how effectively it catalyzes the esterification of oleic acid with methanol. Lipase production was carried out in medium containing MCW and CSL, with fermentation conditions optimized using a fractional factorial experimental design and central composite experimental design. The highest activities (16.71 U/mL in 24 h and 17.80 U/mL in 48 h) were found in conditions of 13.6% (%w/v) CSL and 37.1% (%w/v) MCW, with corn oil fixed at 1% (%w/v) and pH fixed at 6,00. Esterification conditions were evaluated at atmospheric pressure, both in a solvent-free environment and using hexane, as well as under high pressures with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). The produced lipase demonstrated high catalytic activity for the esterification reaction of oleic acid with methanol under SC-CO2 with an increase of 39.41% in the yield. The yields found confirm the feasibility of producing lipase from industrial waste, thus presenting it as a sustainable and efficient alternative for industrial processes, and show that there is no need to use toxic organic solvents in esterification reactions.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/pr12102086</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-6000</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3407-2390</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2873-1481</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Amino acids Carbon dioxide Catalytic activity Cheese Consumption Corn Dairy products Design of experiments Dietary minerals Environmental impact Enzymes Esterification Ethanol Fatty acids Feeds Fermentation Food Food industry Food processing Geotrichum candidum Hexanes Industrial wastes Lactose Lipase Lipids Methanol Microorganisms Monounsaturated fatty acids Nitrogen Oleic acid Phenolphthalein Proteins Raw materials Solvents Toxic wastes Toxicity Whey |
| title | Esterification Process in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by Geotrichum candidum Lipase Produced with Mozzarella Cheese Whey and Corn Steep Liquor |
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