Clustering, coalescing and bursting processes in surface bubbles of surfactant water flows
Breaking waves aerate seawater surfaces and form whitecaps in the open ocean. The aerated surface area, or whitecap coverage, has been used to macroscopically parametrize air–sea momentum and gas exchange. However, the microscopic mechanisms of the generation, evolution and attenuation of surface bu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Flow (Cambridge, England) England), 2024-10, Vol.4, Article E17 |
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| creator | Watanabe, Yasunori Saruwatari, Ayumi |
| description | Breaking waves aerate seawater surfaces and form whitecaps in the open ocean. The aerated surface area, or whitecap coverage, has been used to macroscopically parametrize air–sea momentum and gas exchange. However, the microscopic mechanisms of the generation, evolution and attenuation of surface bubbles in whitecaps remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the size distributions and size-dependent lifetimes of surface bubbles generated by water sheet entry and air injection on a porous plate during the clustering, coalescing and bursting processes, depending on surfactant concentrations and bubble mobility. Mechanisms of coalescence through film thinning of adjacent bubble walls owing to the inter-bubble attraction and Marangoni forces experimentally described the surfactant-dependent bubble growth, finally achieving bubble bursting, which were statistically characterized in a population balance analysis. Lagrangian bubble lifetimes were described by the Weibull distribution, providing that surfactant in seawater extended the probabilistic survival periods of surface bubbles two times longer than those of clean bubbles. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/flo.2024.19 |
| format | Article |
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The aerated surface area, or whitecap coverage, has been used to macroscopically parametrize air–sea momentum and gas exchange. However, the microscopic mechanisms of the generation, evolution and attenuation of surface bubbles in whitecaps remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the size distributions and size-dependent lifetimes of surface bubbles generated by water sheet entry and air injection on a porous plate during the clustering, coalescing and bursting processes, depending on surfactant concentrations and bubble mobility. Mechanisms of coalescence through film thinning of adjacent bubble walls owing to the inter-bubble attraction and Marangoni forces experimentally described the surfactant-dependent bubble growth, finally achieving bubble bursting, which were statistically characterized in a population balance analysis. Lagrangian bubble lifetimes were described by the Weibull distribution, providing that surfactant in seawater extended the probabilistic survival periods of surface bubbles two times longer than those of clean bubbles.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2633-4259</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2633-4259</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/flo.2024.19</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Aeration ; Air injection ; Breaking waves ; Bubbles ; Bursting ; Chemical analysis ; Clustering ; Coalescence ; Coalescing ; Drainage ; Gas exchange ; Porous plates ; Seawater ; Statistical analysis ; Surfactants ; Velocity ; Vortices ; Water analysis ; Water flow ; Wave power ; Weibull distribution</subject><ispartof>Flow (Cambridge, England), 2024-10, Vol.4, Article E17</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution – Non-Commercial – No Derivatives License This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained prior to any commercial use and/or adaptation of the article. (the “License”). 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Lagrangian bubble lifetimes were described by the Weibull distribution, providing that surfactant in seawater extended the probabilistic survival periods of surface bubbles two times longer than those of clean bubbles.</description><subject>Aeration</subject><subject>Air injection</subject><subject>Breaking waves</subject><subject>Bubbles</subject><subject>Bursting</subject><subject>Chemical analysis</subject><subject>Clustering</subject><subject>Coalescence</subject><subject>Coalescing</subject><subject>Drainage</subject><subject>Gas exchange</subject><subject>Porous plates</subject><subject>Seawater</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Surfactants</subject><subject>Velocity</subject><subject>Vortices</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>Water flow</subject><subject>Wave power</subject><subject>Weibull distribution</subject><issn>2633-4259</issn><issn>2633-4259</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpNUE1LAzEQDaJgqT35BwIedddMsptNjlL8goIXvXgJyTQrLetuzexS_PemtAdP8-bN483jMXYNogQBzX3bDaUUsirBnrGZ1EoVlazt-T98yRZEWyGEbGxVm2rGPpfdRGNMm_7rjuPgu0iYMff9mocp0XhYdmnASBSJb3pOU2o9xnwNIav50J6o0fcj3_tsxnOUPV2xi9Z3FBenOWcfT4_vy5di9fb8unxYFQhGj4WPwhgdUIFAa4PGGELmQK0bH0M0AaUINRpcg659C0qCsr5RqBtp61qqObs5-uaYP1Ok0W2HKfX5pVMAGoxttMiq26MK00CUYut2afPt068D4Q79uRzaHfpzYNUf-vFkSQ</recordid><startdate>20241014</startdate><enddate>20241014</enddate><creator>Watanabe, Yasunori</creator><creator>Saruwatari, Ayumi</creator><general>Cambridge University Press</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-8271</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241014</creationdate><title>Clustering, coalescing and bursting processes in surface bubbles of surfactant water flows</title><author>Watanabe, Yasunori ; 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The aerated surface area, or whitecap coverage, has been used to macroscopically parametrize air–sea momentum and gas exchange. However, the microscopic mechanisms of the generation, evolution and attenuation of surface bubbles in whitecaps remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the size distributions and size-dependent lifetimes of surface bubbles generated by water sheet entry and air injection on a porous plate during the clustering, coalescing and bursting processes, depending on surfactant concentrations and bubble mobility. Mechanisms of coalescence through film thinning of adjacent bubble walls owing to the inter-bubble attraction and Marangoni forces experimentally described the surfactant-dependent bubble growth, finally achieving bubble bursting, which were statistically characterized in a population balance analysis. Lagrangian bubble lifetimes were described by the Weibull distribution, providing that surfactant in seawater extended the probabilistic survival periods of surface bubbles two times longer than those of clean bubbles.</abstract><cop>Cambridge</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><doi>10.1017/flo.2024.19</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-8271</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Cambridge University Press Wholly Gold Open Access Journals; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Aeration Air injection Breaking waves Bubbles Bursting Chemical analysis Clustering Coalescence Coalescing Drainage Gas exchange Porous plates Seawater Statistical analysis Surfactants Velocity Vortices Water analysis Water flow Wave power Weibull distribution |
| title | Clustering, coalescing and bursting processes in surface bubbles of surfactant water flows |
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