Review on bio-inspired approaches in polymer composites: Mimicking nature for enhanced performance

The quest for high-performance materials has led researchers to explore bio-inspired approaches in polymer composites, drawing inspiration from nature's designs to achieve remarkable properties. This review provides a thorough assessment of the current state of bio-inspired methods for improving the efficiency of polymer composites, with a focus on recent developments. Beginning with an overview of the principles underlying biomimicry, the review explores how biological structures and processes have inspired the development of innovative composite materials. Key biomimetic strategies such as hierarchical structuring, self-assembly, and replication of biological motifs are discussed, highlighting their potential to enhance mechanical strength, toughness, and other functional properties. Moreover, the review delves into specific examples of bio-inspired polymer composites, including materials inspired by natural fibers, nacre, and spider silk, among others. These materials possess remarkable attributes, including lightweight, flexibility, and robust strength, which make them suitable choices for a diverse array of applications. Furthermore, the review discusses advanced fabrication techniques employed in bio-inspired composites, such as additive manufacturing and electrospinning, enabling precise control over material architecture and properties. Through a comprehensive analysis of recent research, this review provides insights into the state-of-the-art in bio-inspired approaches for polymer composites, offering guidance for future developments and applications in materials science and engineering.