The Energy Consumption of the Process of Joining Steel Sheets with the Use of Clinching With and Without an Additional Rivet, and Analysis of Sheet Deformation and Mechanical Strength of Joints
This paper presents the results of research on the impact of the use of different tools and the shape of the additional rivet, on the geometric quality of the joint, the energy consumption of the forming process, the distortion of the steel samples, and the load capacity of the joints. The tests wer...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of precision engineering and manufacturing-green technology 2024-09, Vol.11 (5), p.1475-1499 |
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| creator | Mucha, Jacek Boda, Łukasz Witkowski, Waldemar |
| description | This paper presents the results of research on the impact of the use of different tools and the shape of the additional rivet, on the geometric quality of the joint, the energy consumption of the forming process, the distortion of the steel samples, and the load capacity of the joints. The tests were carried out for DX51D steel sheets with a thickness of 1.5 [mm] joined by using three different sets of tools. A steel rivet with a hardness of 400HV1 and various shapes was used for the tests. In addition to the full rivet, two types of rivet were used, the first with a through hole and the second with a depth of hole of 3 [mm]. The holes in the rivet had different diameters: 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 [mm]. The influence of changing the shape of the rivet (hole and its diameter) on the change in forming force and energy consumption of the joining process was analyzed. The lowest forming force was achieved for a rivet with a through hole and a hole diameter of 2.5 [mm]. The lowest joint forming force was obtained for the die with movable segments. For joints made with three tool arrangements and a series with a modified rivet, the amount of sheet metal deviation was analyzed. Of the three cases of arrangement of tools used to form the joint, the largest deviation of the sheets occurred at the clinch joint formed with a solid round die. In the case of a series of clinch-rivet joints with a modified rivet, the greatest deviation of the sheets occurred for the rivet with a hole of 1.5 [mm]. Changes in the geometric structure of the joint were also studied, and changes in the surface of the sheets in the joint area were observed. The highest value of the interlock in the joint was obtained when a solid rivet was used in the clinch-riveting technology. The strength of the joints was also identified in the lap shear test and the energy consumption at failure was determined. The use of a rivet increased the maximum load capacity to almost twice that of the clinch joint.
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s40684-024-00612-0 |
| format | Article |
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Graphical abstract</description><subject>Aluminum alloys</subject><subject>Clinching</subject><subject>Deformation</subject><subject>Deformation analysis</subject><subject>Deviation</subject><subject>Diameters</subject><subject>Dies</subject><subject>Energy consumption</subject><subject>Energy Efficiency</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Friction stir welding</subject><subject>Galvanized steels</subject><subject>Impact analysis</subject><subject>Industrial and Production Engineering</subject><subject>Joining</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Metal sheets</subject><subject>Regular Paper</subject><subject>Riveting</subject><subject>Shear tests</subject><subject>Steel</subject><subject>Sustainable Development</subject><subject>Titanium alloys</subject><issn>2288-6206</issn><issn>2198-0810</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kcFO3DAQhqMKpCLgBThZ6pXQsZ04znG1pbSICsSCerS8yXhjtGtvbW_RPh5vhpNF6q0HyzOa7_9npL8oLihcUYDma6xAyKoElh8Iykr4VJww2soSJIWjXDMpS8FAfC7OY7RLYNCwWgg4Kd6eBiTXDsNqT-bexd1mm6x3xBuS8uQh-A5jHNtbb511K7JIiGuyGBBTJK82DRP4HHGE5mvrumHEfo8T7fqp8LuUazLrezu66zV5tH8xXU7ALPf7aKclky35hsaHjZ4OGYlf2A3a2S7rFimgW2Xrj4tSPCuOjV5HPP_4T4vn79dP8x_l3f3Nz_nsruw4rVIpWwpLSivDoWp6XgnZcU0Bkdeybzuqa9HUtTYUG2Sszb1pNeOCLavWmB75afHl4LsN_s8OY1Ivfhfy7VFxaCXwtpZNptiB6oKPMaBR22A3OuwVBTWmpQ5pqZyWmtJSkEX8IIoZdisM_6z_o3oHh06ZZA</recordid><startdate>20240901</startdate><enddate>20240901</enddate><creator>Mucha, Jacek</creator><creator>Boda, Łukasz</creator><creator>Witkowski, Waldemar</creator><general>Korean Society for Precision Engineering</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0400-0011</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4182-9635</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7771-2258</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240901</creationdate><title>The Energy Consumption of the Process of Joining Steel Sheets with the Use of Clinching With and Without an Additional Rivet, and Analysis of Sheet Deformation and Mechanical Strength of Joints</title><author>Mucha, Jacek ; Boda, Łukasz ; Witkowski, Waldemar</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c314t-8910b114f3047d3468c3a10ee358d9c1a56755af1e7e2291a5f9a2362b49ffde3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Aluminum alloys</topic><topic>Clinching</topic><topic>Deformation</topic><topic>Deformation analysis</topic><topic>Deviation</topic><topic>Diameters</topic><topic>Dies</topic><topic>Energy consumption</topic><topic>Energy Efficiency</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Friction stir welding</topic><topic>Galvanized steels</topic><topic>Impact analysis</topic><topic>Industrial and Production Engineering</topic><topic>Joining</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Metal sheets</topic><topic>Regular Paper</topic><topic>Riveting</topic><topic>Shear tests</topic><topic>Steel</topic><topic>Sustainable Development</topic><topic>Titanium alloys</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mucha, Jacek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boda, Łukasz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Witkowski, Waldemar</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><jtitle>International journal of precision engineering and manufacturing-green technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mucha, Jacek</au><au>Boda, Łukasz</au><au>Witkowski, Waldemar</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Energy Consumption of the Process of Joining Steel Sheets with the Use of Clinching With and Without an Additional Rivet, and Analysis of Sheet Deformation and Mechanical Strength of Joints</atitle><jtitle>International journal of precision engineering and manufacturing-green technology</jtitle><stitle>Int. J. of Precis. Eng. and Manuf.-Green Tech</stitle><date>2024-09-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1475</spage><epage>1499</epage><pages>1475-1499</pages><issn>2288-6206</issn><eissn>2198-0810</eissn><abstract>This paper presents the results of research on the impact of the use of different tools and the shape of the additional rivet, on the geometric quality of the joint, the energy consumption of the forming process, the distortion of the steel samples, and the load capacity of the joints. The tests were carried out for DX51D steel sheets with a thickness of 1.5 [mm] joined by using three different sets of tools. A steel rivet with a hardness of 400HV1 and various shapes was used for the tests. In addition to the full rivet, two types of rivet were used, the first with a through hole and the second with a depth of hole of 3 [mm]. The holes in the rivet had different diameters: 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 [mm]. The influence of changing the shape of the rivet (hole and its diameter) on the change in forming force and energy consumption of the joining process was analyzed. The lowest forming force was achieved for a rivet with a through hole and a hole diameter of 2.5 [mm]. The lowest joint forming force was obtained for the die with movable segments. For joints made with three tool arrangements and a series with a modified rivet, the amount of sheet metal deviation was analyzed. Of the three cases of arrangement of tools used to form the joint, the largest deviation of the sheets occurred at the clinch joint formed with a solid round die. In the case of a series of clinch-rivet joints with a modified rivet, the greatest deviation of the sheets occurred for the rivet with a hole of 1.5 [mm]. Changes in the geometric structure of the joint were also studied, and changes in the surface of the sheets in the joint area were observed. The highest value of the interlock in the joint was obtained when a solid rivet was used in the clinch-riveting technology. The strength of the joints was also identified in the lap shear test and the energy consumption at failure was determined. The use of a rivet increased the maximum load capacity to almost twice that of the clinch joint.
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| ispartof | International journal of precision engineering and manufacturing-green technology, 2024-09, Vol.11 (5), p.1475-1499 |
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| source | SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Aluminum alloys Clinching Deformation Deformation analysis Deviation Diameters Dies Energy consumption Energy Efficiency Engineering Friction stir welding Galvanized steels Impact analysis Industrial and Production Engineering Joining Mechanical properties Metal sheets Regular Paper Riveting Shear tests Steel Sustainable Development Titanium alloys |
| title | The Energy Consumption of the Process of Joining Steel Sheets with the Use of Clinching With and Without an Additional Rivet, and Analysis of Sheet Deformation and Mechanical Strength of Joints |
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