Functionally Graded Concrete: Structural Design and Effect on Sustainability Parameters
Researchers have become interested in functionally graded concrete (FGC) in recent years due to its potential to enhance the desired performance. Functional gradation can be carried out in a continuous or stepped/layered manner. Most studies have been conducted on two layered FGC beams by substituti...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Key engineering materials 2023-12, Vol.970, p.143-149 |
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description | Researchers have become interested in functionally graded concrete (FGC) in recent years due to its potential to enhance the desired performance. Functional gradation can be carried out in a continuous or stepped/layered manner. Most studies have been conducted on two layered FGC beams by substituting the richer mixes in either tension or compression zone. Previous studies have incorporated and presented the structural design approach of such two-layered beams. Moreover, the layer in the compression zone was assumed to bear entire compressive stresses. Previous studies exhibited savings in cement by up to 37% using a layer of the concrete class defined by exposure conditions around reinforcement and the concrete of minimal structural class. However, using structural concrete of minimal class in the remaining segments may result in a higher reinforcement requirement, reducing the benefits of savings in embodied CO2 offered by reduced cement consumption. This paper examines how designing the beam as a Functionally Graded Reinforced Concrete (FGRC) beam following Indian Standard 456:2016 affects the cost and embodied CO2 based on cement and steel consumption through the durability approach of design, wherein the substitution of the layer is considered in the tension zone. The study revealed that a 10% and 16% reduction in cost and embodied CO2 could be accomplished. |
doi_str_mv | 10.4028/p-WqxN0H |
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Functional gradation can be carried out in a continuous or stepped/layered manner. Most studies have been conducted on two layered FGC beams by substituting the richer mixes in either tension or compression zone. Previous studies have incorporated and presented the structural design approach of such two-layered beams. Moreover, the layer in the compression zone was assumed to bear entire compressive stresses. Previous studies exhibited savings in cement by up to 37% using a layer of the concrete class defined by exposure conditions around reinforcement and the concrete of minimal structural class. However, using structural concrete of minimal class in the remaining segments may result in a higher reinforcement requirement, reducing the benefits of savings in embodied CO2 offered by reduced cement consumption. This paper examines how designing the beam as a Functionally Graded Reinforced Concrete (FGRC) beam following Indian Standard 456:2016 affects the cost and embodied CO2 based on cement and steel consumption through the durability approach of design, wherein the substitution of the layer is considered in the tension zone. The study revealed that a 10% and 16% reduction in cost and embodied CO2 could be accomplished.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1013-9826</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1662-9795</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1662-9795</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.4028/p-WqxN0H</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Zurich: Trans Tech Publications Ltd</publisher><subject>Carbon dioxide ; Cement reinforcements ; Compression zone ; Compressive properties ; Concrete ; Consumption ; Cost control ; Design parameters ; Design standards ; Reinforced concrete ; Reinforcing steels ; Structural design</subject><ispartof>Key engineering materials, 2023-12, Vol.970, p.143-149</ispartof><rights>2023 Trans Tech Publications Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright Trans Tech Publications Ltd. 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c96H-2732500b893d4596388b2fb3e9194fa07afd827d0183460814a030da65d132963</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttps://www.scientific.net/Image/TitleCover/7046?width=600</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kondraivendhan, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rathi, Tejas</creatorcontrib><title>Functionally Graded Concrete: Structural Design and Effect on Sustainability Parameters</title><title>Key engineering materials</title><description>Researchers have become interested in functionally graded concrete (FGC) in recent years due to its potential to enhance the desired performance. 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This paper examines how designing the beam as a Functionally Graded Reinforced Concrete (FGRC) beam following Indian Standard 456:2016 affects the cost and embodied CO2 based on cement and steel consumption through the durability approach of design, wherein the substitution of the layer is considered in the tension zone. The study revealed that a 10% and 16% reduction in cost and embodied CO2 could be accomplished.</description><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Cement reinforcements</subject><subject>Compression zone</subject><subject>Compressive properties</subject><subject>Concrete</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Cost control</subject><subject>Design parameters</subject><subject>Design standards</subject><subject>Reinforced concrete</subject><subject>Reinforcing steels</subject><subject>Structural design</subject><issn>1013-9826</issn><issn>1662-9795</issn><issn>1662-9795</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpl0F1LwzAUBuAgCs4p-BMC3ohQPUnaNPFO9ikMFTbYZUmbVDu6tEtScP_ejgpeeHXOxXNeOC9CtwQeY6DiqY22h-83WJ6hEeGcRjKVyXm_A2GRFJRfoivvdwCMCJKM0Hbe2SJUjVV1fcQLp7TReNLYwplgnvE6uK4InVM1nhpffVqsrMazsjRFwI3F684HVVmVV3UVjvhDObXvD52_Rhelqr25-Z1jtJnPNpNltHpfvE5eVlEh-TKiKaMJQC4k03EiORMip2XOjCQyLhWkqtSCphqIYDEHQWIFDLTiiSaM9n6M7obY1jWHzviQ7ZrO9c_4jIE8vchj0av7QRWu8d6ZMmtdtVfumBHITq1lbTa01tOHgQanrA-m-PpL_Id_AJdgbe0</recordid><startdate>20231215</startdate><enddate>20231215</enddate><creator>Kondraivendhan, B.</creator><creator>Rathi, Tejas</creator><general>Trans Tech Publications Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JG9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20231215</creationdate><title>Functionally Graded Concrete: Structural Design and Effect on Sustainability Parameters</title><author>Kondraivendhan, B. ; Rathi, Tejas</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c96H-2732500b893d4596388b2fb3e9194fa07afd827d0183460814a030da65d132963</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>Cement reinforcements</topic><topic>Compression zone</topic><topic>Compressive properties</topic><topic>Concrete</topic><topic>Consumption</topic><topic>Cost control</topic><topic>Design parameters</topic><topic>Design standards</topic><topic>Reinforced concrete</topic><topic>Reinforcing steels</topic><topic>Structural design</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kondraivendhan, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rathi, Tejas</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Key engineering materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kondraivendhan, B.</au><au>Rathi, Tejas</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Functionally Graded Concrete: Structural Design and Effect on Sustainability Parameters</atitle><jtitle>Key engineering materials</jtitle><date>2023-12-15</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>970</volume><spage>143</spage><epage>149</epage><pages>143-149</pages><issn>1013-9826</issn><issn>1662-9795</issn><eissn>1662-9795</eissn><abstract>Researchers have become interested in functionally graded concrete (FGC) in recent years due to its potential to enhance the desired performance. Functional gradation can be carried out in a continuous or stepped/layered manner. Most studies have been conducted on two layered FGC beams by substituting the richer mixes in either tension or compression zone. Previous studies have incorporated and presented the structural design approach of such two-layered beams. Moreover, the layer in the compression zone was assumed to bear entire compressive stresses. Previous studies exhibited savings in cement by up to 37% using a layer of the concrete class defined by exposure conditions around reinforcement and the concrete of minimal structural class. However, using structural concrete of minimal class in the remaining segments may result in a higher reinforcement requirement, reducing the benefits of savings in embodied CO2 offered by reduced cement consumption. This paper examines how designing the beam as a Functionally Graded Reinforced Concrete (FGRC) beam following Indian Standard 456:2016 affects the cost and embodied CO2 based on cement and steel consumption through the durability approach of design, wherein the substitution of the layer is considered in the tension zone. The study revealed that a 10% and 16% reduction in cost and embodied CO2 could be accomplished.</abstract><cop>Zurich</cop><pub>Trans Tech Publications Ltd</pub><doi>10.4028/p-WqxN0H</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Carbon dioxide Cement reinforcements Compression zone Compressive properties Concrete Consumption Cost control Design parameters Design standards Reinforced concrete Reinforcing steels Structural design |
title | Functionally Graded Concrete: Structural Design and Effect on Sustainability Parameters |
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