Physiological Cycle of Adult Females and the Sex Identification of Juveniles in Hainan Gibbons: A Preliminary Study
In this study, feces samples were collected from 7 individuals in Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) family group C by through non-invasive methods, and the levels of progesterone and testosterone were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The results showed that the m...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Pakistan journal of zoology 2024-08, Vol.56 (4), p.1653 |
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| creator | Li, Wei Qi, Xvming Lu, Xueli Yuan, Li Deng, Huaiqing |
| description | In this study, feces samples were collected from 7 individuals in Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) family group C by through non-invasive methods, and the levels of progesterone and testosterone were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The results showed that the menstrual cycle of adult females in Hainan gibbon group C was 32±3.6 days and the duration of the menstrual period was 10±2.4 days. There was no significant difference in progesterone levels between individuals of different age and sex classes, no significant periodicity in the change of testosterone in the feces samples of Hainan gibbon group C, and no significant difference in the level of testosterone between individuals of the same sex and age. However, there was a significant difference in testosterone levels between adult males and adult females. By comparing the levels of testosterone in different individuals, it could be hypothesized that both juveniles in group C may be males. The results show that the circadian cycle of adult females and the sex identification of juveniles in Hainan gibbons may be inferred from differences in fecal progesterone and testosterone levels. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.17582/journal.pjz/20220908130929 |
| format | Article |
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The results showed that the menstrual cycle of adult females in Hainan gibbon group C was 32±3.6 days and the duration of the menstrual period was 10±2.4 days. There was no significant difference in progesterone levels between individuals of different age and sex classes, no significant periodicity in the change of testosterone in the feces samples of Hainan gibbon group C, and no significant difference in the level of testosterone between individuals of the same sex and age. However, there was a significant difference in testosterone levels between adult males and adult females. By comparing the levels of testosterone in different individuals, it could be hypothesized that both juveniles in group C may be males. The results show that the circadian cycle of adult females and the sex identification of juveniles in Hainan gibbons may be inferred from differences in fecal progesterone and testosterone levels.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0030-9923</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0030-9923</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20220908130929</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Lahore: Knowledge Bylanes</publisher><subject>Animals ; Chromatography ; Circadian rhythms ; Feces ; Females ; Gibbons ; Health aspects ; High performance liquid chromatography ; Hormones ; Identification and classification ; Juveniles ; Liquid chromatography ; Males ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Measurement ; Menstrual cycle ; Metabolites ; Methods ; Monkeys & apes ; National parks ; National parks and reserves ; Periodicity ; Physiological aspects ; Physiology ; Primates ; Progesterone ; Protection and preservation ; Scientific imaging ; Sex ; Sex determination, Diagnostic ; Software ; Steroid hormones ; Steroids ; Testing ; Testosterone ; Wildlife conservation</subject><ispartof>Pakistan journal of zoology, 2024-08, Vol.56 (4), p.1653</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 Knowledge Bylanes</rights><rights>(c)2024 Pakistan Journal of Zoology</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Li, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qi, Xvming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Xueli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deng, Huaiqing</creatorcontrib><title>Physiological Cycle of Adult Females and the Sex Identification of Juveniles in Hainan Gibbons: A Preliminary Study</title><title>Pakistan journal of zoology</title><description>In this study, feces samples were collected from 7 individuals in Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) family group C by through non-invasive methods, and the levels of progesterone and testosterone were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The results showed that the menstrual cycle of adult females in Hainan gibbon group C was 32±3.6 days and the duration of the menstrual period was 10±2.4 days. There was no significant difference in progesterone levels between individuals of different age and sex classes, no significant periodicity in the change of testosterone in the feces samples of Hainan gibbon group C, and no significant difference in the level of testosterone between individuals of the same sex and age. However, there was a significant difference in testosterone levels between adult males and adult females. By comparing the levels of testosterone in different individuals, it could be hypothesized that both juveniles in group C may be males. The results show that the circadian cycle of adult females and the sex identification of juveniles in Hainan gibbons may be inferred from differences in fecal progesterone and testosterone levels.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Circadian rhythms</subject><subject>Feces</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Gibbons</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>High performance liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>Identification and classification</subject><subject>Juveniles</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Measurement</subject><subject>Menstrual cycle</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Monkeys & apes</subject><subject>National parks</subject><subject>National parks and reserves</subject><subject>Periodicity</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Primates</subject><subject>Progesterone</subject><subject>Protection and preservation</subject><subject>Scientific imaging</subject><subject>Sex</subject><subject>Sex determination, Diagnostic</subject><subject>Software</subject><subject>Steroid hormones</subject><subject>Steroids</subject><subject>Testing</subject><subject>Testosterone</subject><subject>Wildlife conservation</subject><issn>0030-9923</issn><issn>0030-9923</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNptkV1PwyAUhhujicvcfyDZdTcK7Qp61SzuwyxxyfSaUAobSwuztMb662VuRpcIF5BznnPgvG8QDCM4itKEoPHetrXh5eiw_xwjiBCkkEQYUkSvgh6EGIaUInz9534bDJzbQ7_iSYIQ6QVuveuctqXdasFLMO1EKYFVICvasgEzWfFSOsBNAZqdBBv5AZaFNI1WHm-0NUf2qX2XRh85bcCCa8MNmOs8t8bdgwysa1nqykfrDmyatujughvFSycH57MfvM4eX6aLcPU8X06zVSgQSZoQFzRVMcciRTjhNIYopXlOJjhPYhThwicVEUpgKmV6DCAFsSQUFwlJVYRxPxie-h5q-9ZK17CzYo5hSCghEy_EL7X1ozJtlG1qLirtBMsIxP7dOIk8NfqH8ruQlRbWSOUFuCx4OBWI2jpXS8UOta68BiyC7Nu_n98w7x-79A9_AU43j_A</recordid><startdate>20240831</startdate><enddate>20240831</enddate><creator>Li, Wei</creator><creator>Qi, Xvming</creator><creator>Lu, Xueli</creator><creator>Yuan, Li</creator><creator>Deng, Huaiqing</creator><general>Knowledge Bylanes</general><general>AsiaNet Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>RC3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20240831</creationdate><title>Physiological Cycle of Adult Females and the Sex Identification of Juveniles in Hainan Gibbons: A Preliminary Study</title><author>Li, Wei ; Qi, Xvming ; Lu, Xueli ; Yuan, Li ; Deng, Huaiqing</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c285t-3d97f4a3c7235a940279bb863b54213d7f4f8cfc39ee7213d2f03e893d587f133</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Circadian rhythms</topic><topic>Feces</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>Gibbons</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>High performance liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Hormones</topic><topic>Identification and classification</topic><topic>Juveniles</topic><topic>Liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Mass spectroscopy</topic><topic>Measurement</topic><topic>Menstrual cycle</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Monkeys & apes</topic><topic>National parks</topic><topic>National parks and reserves</topic><topic>Periodicity</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Primates</topic><topic>Progesterone</topic><topic>Protection and preservation</topic><topic>Scientific imaging</topic><topic>Sex</topic><topic>Sex determination, Diagnostic</topic><topic>Software</topic><topic>Steroid hormones</topic><topic>Steroids</topic><topic>Testing</topic><topic>Testosterone</topic><topic>Wildlife conservation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Li, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qi, Xvming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Xueli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deng, Huaiqing</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Pakistan journal of zoology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Li, Wei</au><au>Qi, Xvming</au><au>Lu, Xueli</au><au>Yuan, Li</au><au>Deng, Huaiqing</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Physiological Cycle of Adult Females and the Sex Identification of Juveniles in Hainan Gibbons: A Preliminary Study</atitle><jtitle>Pakistan journal of zoology</jtitle><date>2024-08-31</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>56</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1653</spage><pages>1653-</pages><issn>0030-9923</issn><eissn>0030-9923</eissn><abstract>In this study, feces samples were collected from 7 individuals in Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) family group C by through non-invasive methods, and the levels of progesterone and testosterone were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The results showed that the menstrual cycle of adult females in Hainan gibbon group C was 32±3.6 days and the duration of the menstrual period was 10±2.4 days. There was no significant difference in progesterone levels between individuals of different age and sex classes, no significant periodicity in the change of testosterone in the feces samples of Hainan gibbon group C, and no significant difference in the level of testosterone between individuals of the same sex and age. However, there was a significant difference in testosterone levels between adult males and adult females. By comparing the levels of testosterone in different individuals, it could be hypothesized that both juveniles in group C may be males. The results show that the circadian cycle of adult females and the sex identification of juveniles in Hainan gibbons may be inferred from differences in fecal progesterone and testosterone levels.</abstract><cop>Lahore</cop><pub>Knowledge Bylanes</pub><doi>10.17582/journal.pjz/20220908130929</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Chromatography Circadian rhythms Feces Females Gibbons Health aspects High performance liquid chromatography Hormones Identification and classification Juveniles Liquid chromatography Males Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Measurement Menstrual cycle Metabolites Methods Monkeys & apes National parks National parks and reserves Periodicity Physiological aspects Physiology Primates Progesterone Protection and preservation Scientific imaging Sex Sex determination, Diagnostic Software Steroid hormones Steroids Testing Testosterone Wildlife conservation |
| title | Physiological Cycle of Adult Females and the Sex Identification of Juveniles in Hainan Gibbons: A Preliminary Study |
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