On the unsteady aerodynamics of flapping wings under dynamic hovering kinematics
Hummingbirds and insects achieve outstanding flight performance by adapting their flapping motion to the flight requirements. Their wing kinematics can change from smooth flapping to highly dynamic waveforms, generating unsteady aerodynamic phenomena such as leading-edge vortices (LEV), rotational c...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Physics of fluids (1994) 2024-08, Vol.36 (8) |
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creator | Poletti, Romain Calado, Andre Koloszar, Lilla K. Degroote, Joris Mendez, Miguel A. |
description | Hummingbirds and insects achieve outstanding flight performance by adapting their flapping motion to the flight requirements. Their wing kinematics can change from smooth flapping to highly dynamic waveforms, generating unsteady aerodynamic phenomena such as leading-edge vortices (LEV), rotational circulation, wing wake capture, and added mass. This article uncovers the interactions of these mechanisms in the case of a rigid semi-elliptical wing undergoing aggressive kinematics in the hovering regime at
Re∼O(103). The flapping kinematics were parametrized using smoothed steps and triangular functions and the flow dynamics were simulated by combining the overset method with large eddy simulations. The analysis of the results identifies an initial acceleration phase and a cruising phase. During the former, the flow is mostly irrotational and governed by the added mass effect. The added mass was shown to be responsible for a lift first peak due to the strong flapping acceleration. The dynamic pitching and the wing wake interaction generate a second lift peak due to a downwash flow and a vortex system on the proximal and distal parts of the wing's pressure side. Conversely, aerodynamic forces in the cruising phase are mainly governed by the growth and the establishment of the LEV. Finally, the leading flow structures in each phase and their impact on the aerodynamic forces were isolated using the extended proper orthogonal decomposition. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1063/5.0215531 |
format | Article |
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Re∼O(103). The flapping kinematics were parametrized using smoothed steps and triangular functions and the flow dynamics were simulated by combining the overset method with large eddy simulations. The analysis of the results identifies an initial acceleration phase and a cruising phase. During the former, the flow is mostly irrotational and governed by the added mass effect. The added mass was shown to be responsible for a lift first peak due to the strong flapping acceleration. The dynamic pitching and the wing wake interaction generate a second lift peak due to a downwash flow and a vortex system on the proximal and distal parts of the wing's pressure side. Conversely, aerodynamic forces in the cruising phase are mainly governed by the growth and the establishment of the LEV. Finally, the leading flow structures in each phase and their impact on the aerodynamic forces were isolated using the extended proper orthogonal decomposition.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1070-6631</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1089-7666</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1063/5.0215531</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PHFLE6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Melville: American Institute of Physics</publisher><subject>Added mass effects ; Aerodynamic forces ; Dynamic structural analysis ; Flapping wings ; Flight characteristics ; Fluid flow ; Hovering ; Hovering flight ; Insects ; Kinematics ; Large eddy simulation ; Lift ; Pressure effects ; Proper Orthogonal Decomposition ; Unsteady aerodynamics ; Waveforms</subject><ispartof>Physics of fluids (1994), 2024-08, Vol.36 (8)</ispartof><rights>Author(s)</rights><rights>2024 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c182t-af8308a7ce871a8c1d634f2fbeacd4ffb8cf75fce00ceb50eb3687c219a1368f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3566-6956 ; 0000-0002-9228-4746 ; 0000-0002-1115-2187 ; 0000-0002-5564-3834 ; 0000-0003-4225-1791</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,790,4497,27903,27904</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Poletti, Romain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calado, Andre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koloszar, Lilla K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Degroote, Joris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mendez, Miguel A.</creatorcontrib><title>On the unsteady aerodynamics of flapping wings under dynamic hovering kinematics</title><title>Physics of fluids (1994)</title><description>Hummingbirds and insects achieve outstanding flight performance by adapting their flapping motion to the flight requirements. Their wing kinematics can change from smooth flapping to highly dynamic waveforms, generating unsteady aerodynamic phenomena such as leading-edge vortices (LEV), rotational circulation, wing wake capture, and added mass. This article uncovers the interactions of these mechanisms in the case of a rigid semi-elliptical wing undergoing aggressive kinematics in the hovering regime at
Re∼O(103). The flapping kinematics were parametrized using smoothed steps and triangular functions and the flow dynamics were simulated by combining the overset method with large eddy simulations. The analysis of the results identifies an initial acceleration phase and a cruising phase. During the former, the flow is mostly irrotational and governed by the added mass effect. The added mass was shown to be responsible for a lift first peak due to the strong flapping acceleration. The dynamic pitching and the wing wake interaction generate a second lift peak due to a downwash flow and a vortex system on the proximal and distal parts of the wing's pressure side. Conversely, aerodynamic forces in the cruising phase are mainly governed by the growth and the establishment of the LEV. Finally, the leading flow structures in each phase and their impact on the aerodynamic forces were isolated using the extended proper orthogonal decomposition.</description><subject>Added mass effects</subject><subject>Aerodynamic forces</subject><subject>Dynamic structural analysis</subject><subject>Flapping wings</subject><subject>Flight characteristics</subject><subject>Fluid flow</subject><subject>Hovering</subject><subject>Hovering flight</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Kinematics</subject><subject>Large eddy simulation</subject><subject>Lift</subject><subject>Pressure effects</subject><subject>Proper Orthogonal Decomposition</subject><subject>Unsteady aerodynamics</subject><subject>Waveforms</subject><issn>1070-6631</issn><issn>1089-7666</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE1LAzEQhoMoWKsH_0HAk8LWyab52KMUv6BQD3oO2ezEbm03a7JV-u9Nac9eZl6YZ95hXkKuGUwYSH4vJlAyITg7ISMGuiqUlPJ0rxUUUnJ2Ti5SWgEAr0o5Im-Ljg5LpNsuDWibHbUYQ7Pr7KZ1iQZP_dr2fdt90t9cUuYajPQI0GX4wbgffrUdbuyQdy7JmbfrhFfHPiYfT4_vs5divnh-nT3MC8d0ORTWaw7aKodaMasdaySf-tLXaF0z9b7WzivhHQI4rAVgzaVWrmSVZVl5PiY3B98-hu8tpsGswjZ2-aTJxpUUUHKVqdsD5WJIKaI3fWw3Nu4MA7MPzAhzDCyzdwc2uXbIv4TuH_gPuCpr3Q</recordid><startdate>202408</startdate><enddate>202408</enddate><creator>Poletti, Romain</creator><creator>Calado, Andre</creator><creator>Koloszar, Lilla K.</creator><creator>Degroote, Joris</creator><creator>Mendez, Miguel A.</creator><general>American Institute of Physics</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3566-6956</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9228-4746</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1115-2187</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5564-3834</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4225-1791</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202408</creationdate><title>On the unsteady aerodynamics of flapping wings under dynamic hovering kinematics</title><author>Poletti, Romain ; Calado, Andre ; Koloszar, Lilla K. ; Degroote, Joris ; Mendez, Miguel A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c182t-af8308a7ce871a8c1d634f2fbeacd4ffb8cf75fce00ceb50eb3687c219a1368f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Added mass effects</topic><topic>Aerodynamic forces</topic><topic>Dynamic structural analysis</topic><topic>Flapping wings</topic><topic>Flight characteristics</topic><topic>Fluid flow</topic><topic>Hovering</topic><topic>Hovering flight</topic><topic>Insects</topic><topic>Kinematics</topic><topic>Large eddy simulation</topic><topic>Lift</topic><topic>Pressure effects</topic><topic>Proper Orthogonal Decomposition</topic><topic>Unsteady aerodynamics</topic><topic>Waveforms</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Poletti, Romain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calado, Andre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koloszar, Lilla K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Degroote, Joris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mendez, Miguel A.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Physics of fluids (1994)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Poletti, Romain</au><au>Calado, Andre</au><au>Koloszar, Lilla K.</au><au>Degroote, Joris</au><au>Mendez, Miguel A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>On the unsteady aerodynamics of flapping wings under dynamic hovering kinematics</atitle><jtitle>Physics of fluids (1994)</jtitle><date>2024-08</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>36</volume><issue>8</issue><issn>1070-6631</issn><eissn>1089-7666</eissn><coden>PHFLE6</coden><abstract>Hummingbirds and insects achieve outstanding flight performance by adapting their flapping motion to the flight requirements. 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Re∼O(103). The flapping kinematics were parametrized using smoothed steps and triangular functions and the flow dynamics were simulated by combining the overset method with large eddy simulations. The analysis of the results identifies an initial acceleration phase and a cruising phase. During the former, the flow is mostly irrotational and governed by the added mass effect. The added mass was shown to be responsible for a lift first peak due to the strong flapping acceleration. The dynamic pitching and the wing wake interaction generate a second lift peak due to a downwash flow and a vortex system on the proximal and distal parts of the wing's pressure side. Conversely, aerodynamic forces in the cruising phase are mainly governed by the growth and the establishment of the LEV. Finally, the leading flow structures in each phase and their impact on the aerodynamic forces were isolated using the extended proper orthogonal decomposition.</abstract><cop>Melville</cop><pub>American Institute of Physics</pub><doi>10.1063/5.0215531</doi><tpages>19</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3566-6956</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9228-4746</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1115-2187</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5564-3834</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4225-1791</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Added mass effects Aerodynamic forces Dynamic structural analysis Flapping wings Flight characteristics Fluid flow Hovering Hovering flight Insects Kinematics Large eddy simulation Lift Pressure effects Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Unsteady aerodynamics Waveforms |
title | On the unsteady aerodynamics of flapping wings under dynamic hovering kinematics |
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