The Effect of Spraying with Nano-Iron Oxide and Adding Potassium on the Growth and Flowering of Baby Rose Plants Rose pygmaea L

This research was conducted within the wooden canopy of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering at Tikrit University’s College of Agriculture, throughout the agricultural season of 2022-2023. The primary objective was to investigate the impact of nano-iron oxide spraying and the addition of potassium on the growth and flowering dynamics of the baby rose species, Rose Pygmaea L. The experimental design involved two key factors: the first factor encompassed the application of iron oxide nanoparticles at three distinct concentrations (0, 50, 100 mg L -1 ), while the second factor involved the application of potassium fertilizer at four different concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5 mg L -1 ). The experimental layout adhered to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with each treatment replicated three times to ensure statistical robustness and reliability of the findings. The outcomes of the study are succinctly presented as follows. The Fe 3 treatment, involving the application of nano-iron oxide at a concentration of (100) mg L -1 , exhibited remarkable superiority by yielding the highest values for various parameters, including plant height (36.434 cm plant -1 ), leaf area (473.65 cm plant -1 ), plant content of total chlorophyll (32.524 mg gm -1 fresh weight), number of flowers (3.672 flowers per plant -1 ), flower age (20.143 days per plant -1 ), and flower diameter (30.773 mm per plant -1 ). These values significantly surpassed the corresponding characteristics observed in the comparison treatment. Similarly, the K 4 treatment, involving the addition of potassium fertilizer at a concentration of (5) gm L -1 , demonstrated significant differences in the aforementioned attributes, achieving values such as 38.372 cm plant -1 for plant height, 480.81 cm plant -1 for leaf area, 33.971 mg gm -1 fresh weight for total chlorophyll content, 3.533 flowers per plant -1 , 20.830 days for flower age, and 31.436 mm per plant -1 for flower diameter. Furthermore, the combined Fe 3 K 4 intervention treatment, which included the simultaneous application of nano-iron oxide (100 mg L -1 ) and potassium (5 g L -1 ), showcased notable effects on the growth and flowering characteristics of the baby rose. gave a significant superiority in the above-mentioned characteristics by giving the highest rates and amounted to 41.287 cm plant -1 , 617.33 cm plant -1 , 36.093 mg gm -1 fresh weight, 4.456 flowers per plant -1 , 23.963 days, 35.317 mm per plant -1 , respective