Evaluation of the shadowgraph method for the determination of mutual and thermal diffusivities
The present work provides a systematic study on the influence of sample properties and experimental conditions on the reliable accessibility of Fick or mutual diffusion coefficients D11 and thermal diffusivities a in binary liquid mixtures using the shadowgraph method. For this, mixtures with varyin...
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description | The present work provides a systematic study on the influence of sample properties and experimental conditions on the reliable accessibility of Fick or mutual diffusion coefficients D11 and thermal diffusivities a in binary liquid mixtures using the shadowgraph method. For this, mixtures with varying magnitudes of the Soret coefficient ST and their optical contrast factors were studied at a temperature of 298.15 K and pressures between (0.1 and 0.65) MPa with varying magnitudes and orientations of the applied temperature and concentration gradients ∇T and ∇c. Experimental signals obtained in these investigations were analyzed with respect to the intensities of the signal contributions from non-equilibrium fluctuations (NEFs) in concentration and temperature, and the reliability of the determined D11 and a data was assessed by comparison to literature data. Larger signal intensities from NEFs and, therefore, a more reliable determination of diffusivities were given for sufficiently large magnitudes of ST, the optical contrast factors, and the applied ∇T and ∇c. At very small fluid layer thicknesses L ≤ 0.30 mm, the associated reduction of signal statistics outweighing the expected increase of signal intensities at larger magnitudes of ∇T and ∇c as well as the influence of confinement imposed limitations for the determination of diffusivities in some cases. Furthermore, an influence of the mixture composition on signal intensities from concentration-NEFs was identified, where too small mole fractions of one component can hinder the determination of D11 in mixtures with small magnitudes of the optical contrast factor (∂n/∂c)T,p. |
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For this, mixtures with varying magnitudes of the Soret coefficient ST and their optical contrast factors were studied at a temperature of 298.15 K and pressures between (0.1 and 0.65) MPa with varying magnitudes and orientations of the applied temperature and concentration gradients ∇T and ∇c. Experimental signals obtained in these investigations were analyzed with respect to the intensities of the signal contributions from non-equilibrium fluctuations (NEFs) in concentration and temperature, and the reliability of the determined D11 and a data was assessed by comparison to literature data. Larger signal intensities from NEFs and, therefore, a more reliable determination of diffusivities were given for sufficiently large magnitudes of ST, the optical contrast factors, and the applied ∇T and ∇c. At very small fluid layer thicknesses L ≤ 0.30 mm, the associated reduction of signal statistics outweighing the expected increase of signal intensities at larger magnitudes of ∇T and ∇c as well as the influence of confinement imposed limitations for the determination of diffusivities in some cases. Furthermore, an influence of the mixture composition on signal intensities from concentration-NEFs was identified, where too small mole fractions of one component can hinder the determination of D11 in mixtures with small magnitudes of the optical contrast factor (∂n/∂c)T,p.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-9606</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1089-7690</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1089-7690</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1063/5.0218362</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39056385</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JCPSA6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Institute of Physics</publisher><subject>Binary mixtures ; Concentration gradient ; Diffusion coefficient ; Optical properties ; Soret coefficient ; Thickness</subject><ispartof>The Journal of chemical physics, 2024-07, Vol.161 (4)</ispartof><rights>Author(s)</rights><rights>2024 Author(s). 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For this, mixtures with varying magnitudes of the Soret coefficient ST and their optical contrast factors were studied at a temperature of 298.15 K and pressures between (0.1 and 0.65) MPa with varying magnitudes and orientations of the applied temperature and concentration gradients ∇T and ∇c. Experimental signals obtained in these investigations were analyzed with respect to the intensities of the signal contributions from non-equilibrium fluctuations (NEFs) in concentration and temperature, and the reliability of the determined D11 and a data was assessed by comparison to literature data. Larger signal intensities from NEFs and, therefore, a more reliable determination of diffusivities were given for sufficiently large magnitudes of ST, the optical contrast factors, and the applied ∇T and ∇c. At very small fluid layer thicknesses L ≤ 0.30 mm, the associated reduction of signal statistics outweighing the expected increase of signal intensities at larger magnitudes of ∇T and ∇c as well as the influence of confinement imposed limitations for the determination of diffusivities in some cases. Furthermore, an influence of the mixture composition on signal intensities from concentration-NEFs was identified, where too small mole fractions of one component can hinder the determination of D11 in mixtures with small magnitudes of the optical contrast factor (∂n/∂c)T,p.</description><subject>Binary mixtures</subject><subject>Concentration gradient</subject><subject>Diffusion coefficient</subject><subject>Optical properties</subject><subject>Soret coefficient</subject><subject>Thickness</subject><issn>0021-9606</issn><issn>1089-7690</issn><issn>1089-7690</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp90MtKxDAUBuAgijOOLnwBKbhRoWPaNGmylGG8wIAb3VrSJrEZ2mbMZcS3N3PRhQtXOeR8_Bx-AM4zOM0gQbd4CvOMIpIfgHEGKUtLwuAhGMP4nTICyQicOLeEEGZlXhyDEWIQE0TxGLzN17wL3GszJEYlvpWJa7kwn--Wr9qkl741IlHGbldCeml7Pfz6PvjAu4QPYrO3fZyFVio4vdZeS3cKjhTvnDzbvxPwej9_mT2mi-eHp9ndIm1yRH0qakQRV1I0pKCQlQIrzpAsKc4hbihhNSogFkphylRNGSpoxpDCRc0VUkyiCbja5a6s-QjS-arXrpFdxwdpgqsQpEVZEoJIpJd_6NIEO8TrtoqhWA2O6nqnGmucs1JVK6t7br-qDFab0itc7UuP9mKfGOpeil_503IENzvgGu233f2T9g2nkIlt</recordid><startdate>20240728</startdate><enddate>20240728</enddate><creator>Schmidt, Patrick S.</creator><creator>Rausch, Michael H.</creator><creator>Wu, Wenchang</creator><creator>Fröba, Andreas P.</creator><general>American Institute of Physics</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-4379</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9616-3888</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0719-6758</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4625-7712</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240728</creationdate><title>Evaluation of the shadowgraph method for the determination of mutual and thermal diffusivities</title><author>Schmidt, Patrick S. ; Rausch, Michael H. ; Wu, Wenchang ; Fröba, Andreas P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c238t-db383afedc648097d5fa93e785205c869b3405dff589fb89348193f54baf3f9e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Binary mixtures</topic><topic>Concentration gradient</topic><topic>Diffusion coefficient</topic><topic>Optical properties</topic><topic>Soret coefficient</topic><topic>Thickness</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Schmidt, Patrick S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rausch, Michael H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Wenchang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fröba, Andreas P.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Journal of chemical physics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Schmidt, Patrick S.</au><au>Rausch, Michael H.</au><au>Wu, Wenchang</au><au>Fröba, Andreas P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of the shadowgraph method for the determination of mutual and thermal diffusivities</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of chemical physics</jtitle><addtitle>J Chem Phys</addtitle><date>2024-07-28</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>161</volume><issue>4</issue><issn>0021-9606</issn><issn>1089-7690</issn><eissn>1089-7690</eissn><coden>JCPSA6</coden><abstract>The present work provides a systematic study on the influence of sample properties and experimental conditions on the reliable accessibility of Fick or mutual diffusion coefficients D11 and thermal diffusivities a in binary liquid mixtures using the shadowgraph method. For this, mixtures with varying magnitudes of the Soret coefficient ST and their optical contrast factors were studied at a temperature of 298.15 K and pressures between (0.1 and 0.65) MPa with varying magnitudes and orientations of the applied temperature and concentration gradients ∇T and ∇c. Experimental signals obtained in these investigations were analyzed with respect to the intensities of the signal contributions from non-equilibrium fluctuations (NEFs) in concentration and temperature, and the reliability of the determined D11 and a data was assessed by comparison to literature data. Larger signal intensities from NEFs and, therefore, a more reliable determination of diffusivities were given for sufficiently large magnitudes of ST, the optical contrast factors, and the applied ∇T and ∇c. At very small fluid layer thicknesses L ≤ 0.30 mm, the associated reduction of signal statistics outweighing the expected increase of signal intensities at larger magnitudes of ∇T and ∇c as well as the influence of confinement imposed limitations for the determination of diffusivities in some cases. Furthermore, an influence of the mixture composition on signal intensities from concentration-NEFs was identified, where too small mole fractions of one component can hinder the determination of D11 in mixtures with small magnitudes of the optical contrast factor (∂n/∂c)T,p.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Institute of Physics</pub><pmid>39056385</pmid><doi>10.1063/5.0218362</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-4379</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9616-3888</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0719-6758</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4625-7712</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Binary mixtures Concentration gradient Diffusion coefficient Optical properties Soret coefficient Thickness |
title | Evaluation of the shadowgraph method for the determination of mutual and thermal diffusivities |
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