Using BIM and LCA to Calculate the Life Cycle Carbon Emissions of Inpatient Building: A Case Study in China
Hospital buildings provide healthcare services at the costs of significant amounts of energy consumption and carbon emissions, further exacerbating the environmental load. Because of the limited research on the life cycle carbon emissions of Chinese hospitals, this study conducted a detailed carbon-...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Sustainability 2024-07, Vol.16 (13), p.5341 |
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creator | Zhao, Li Guo, Cheng Chen, Leduan Qiu, Liping Wu, Weiwei Wang, Qingqin |
description | Hospital buildings provide healthcare services at the costs of significant amounts of energy consumption and carbon emissions, further exacerbating the environmental load. Because of the limited research on the life cycle carbon emissions of Chinese hospitals, this study conducted a detailed carbon-accounting and comparative study. Firstly, BIM and LCA were used to quantify the carbon emissions of the inpatient building in each stage of the life cycle. Secondly, the differences in carbon emissions by stage were compared on the basis of 20 cases of public buildings. The results show that the whole-life carbon emissions of the inpatient building was 10,459.94 kgCO2/m2. The proportion of operational carbon emissions was 94.68%, with HVAC (52.57%), equipment (27.85%), and lighting (10.11%) being the main sources. Embodied carbon emissions accounted for 4.54%, and HRB400 steel and C30 concrete were the main sources of carbon emissions. Hospitals are second only to emporiums in terms of operational carbon intensity, being 1.71 and 1.41 times that of schools and office buildings, with inpatient buildings being 3 and 1.7 times that of medical complexes and outpatient buildings, respectively. The future sustainable development of hospital buildings should promote efficient building performance and good environmental quality, both in terms of energy efficiency and carbon reduction. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/su16135341 |
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Because of the limited research on the life cycle carbon emissions of Chinese hospitals, this study conducted a detailed carbon-accounting and comparative study. Firstly, BIM and LCA were used to quantify the carbon emissions of the inpatient building in each stage of the life cycle. Secondly, the differences in carbon emissions by stage were compared on the basis of 20 cases of public buildings. The results show that the whole-life carbon emissions of the inpatient building was 10,459.94 kgCO2/m2. The proportion of operational carbon emissions was 94.68%, with HVAC (52.57%), equipment (27.85%), and lighting (10.11%) being the main sources. Embodied carbon emissions accounted for 4.54%, and HRB400 steel and C30 concrete were the main sources of carbon emissions. Hospitals are second only to emporiums in terms of operational carbon intensity, being 1.71 and 1.41 times that of schools and office buildings, with inpatient buildings being 3 and 1.7 times that of medical complexes and outpatient buildings, respectively. The future sustainable development of hospital buildings should promote efficient building performance and good environmental quality, both in terms of energy efficiency and carbon reduction.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/su16135341</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Building information modeling ; Carbon ; Case studies ; Climate change ; Construction ; Demolition ; Emissions ; Energy consumption ; Energy modeling ; Environmental impact ; Green buildings ; Hospitals ; Infectious diseases ; Public buildings ; Public health ; Simulation ; Software</subject><ispartof>Sustainability, 2024-07, Vol.16 (13), p.5341</ispartof><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c254t-11eaa4444b2761c2af5f4edaa947d456cade08003ca8cae3215ff7d5596921643</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2198-7812</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Cheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Leduan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qiu, Liping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Weiwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Qingqin</creatorcontrib><title>Using BIM and LCA to Calculate the Life Cycle Carbon Emissions of Inpatient Building: A Case Study in China</title><title>Sustainability</title><description>Hospital buildings provide healthcare services at the costs of significant amounts of energy consumption and carbon emissions, further exacerbating the environmental load. Because of the limited research on the life cycle carbon emissions of Chinese hospitals, this study conducted a detailed carbon-accounting and comparative study. Firstly, BIM and LCA were used to quantify the carbon emissions of the inpatient building in each stage of the life cycle. Secondly, the differences in carbon emissions by stage were compared on the basis of 20 cases of public buildings. The results show that the whole-life carbon emissions of the inpatient building was 10,459.94 kgCO2/m2. The proportion of operational carbon emissions was 94.68%, with HVAC (52.57%), equipment (27.85%), and lighting (10.11%) being the main sources. Embodied carbon emissions accounted for 4.54%, and HRB400 steel and C30 concrete were the main sources of carbon emissions. Hospitals are second only to emporiums in terms of operational carbon intensity, being 1.71 and 1.41 times that of schools and office buildings, with inpatient buildings being 3 and 1.7 times that of medical complexes and outpatient buildings, respectively. The future sustainable development of hospital buildings should promote efficient building performance and good environmental quality, both in terms of energy efficiency and carbon reduction.</description><subject>Building information modeling</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Case studies</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Construction</subject><subject>Demolition</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Energy consumption</subject><subject>Energy modeling</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Green buildings</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Public buildings</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Software</subject><issn>2071-1050</issn><issn>2071-1050</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkDFPwzAQhS0EElXpwi84iQ0pYMdx0rC1UYFKQQzQObo6NnVJnWI7Q_49RkWCN9zd8Omd3iPkmtE7zkt67weWMy54xs7IJKUFSxgV9PzffUlm3u9pFOesZPmEfG68sR-wXL8A2hbqagGhhwo7OXQYFISdgtpoBdUouzjRbXsLq4Px3vTWQ69hbY8YjLIBloPp2mj3AItIegVvYWhHMBaqnbF4RS40dl7NfveUbB5X79VzUr8-ratFnchUZCFhTCFmUdu0yJlMUQudqRaxzIo2E7nEVtF5jCBxLlHxlAmti1aIMi9Tlmd8Sm5OvkfXfw3Kh2bfD87Glw2nRcmLNC-LSN2eKOl6753SzdGZA7qxYbT56bP565N_AwwjZW8</recordid><startdate>20240701</startdate><enddate>20240701</enddate><creator>Zhao, Li</creator><creator>Guo, Cheng</creator><creator>Chen, Leduan</creator><creator>Qiu, Liping</creator><creator>Wu, Weiwei</creator><creator>Wang, Qingqin</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2198-7812</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240701</creationdate><title>Using BIM and LCA to Calculate the Life Cycle Carbon Emissions of Inpatient Building: A Case Study in China</title><author>Zhao, Li ; Guo, Cheng ; Chen, Leduan ; Qiu, Liping ; Wu, Weiwei ; Wang, Qingqin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c254t-11eaa4444b2761c2af5f4edaa947d456cade08003ca8cae3215ff7d5596921643</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Building information modeling</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Case studies</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Construction</topic><topic>Demolition</topic><topic>Emissions</topic><topic>Energy consumption</topic><topic>Energy modeling</topic><topic>Environmental impact</topic><topic>Green buildings</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Public buildings</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Simulation</topic><topic>Software</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Cheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Leduan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qiu, Liping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Weiwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Qingqin</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhao, Li</au><au>Guo, Cheng</au><au>Chen, Leduan</au><au>Qiu, Liping</au><au>Wu, Weiwei</au><au>Wang, Qingqin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Using BIM and LCA to Calculate the Life Cycle Carbon Emissions of Inpatient Building: A Case Study in China</atitle><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle><date>2024-07-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>13</issue><spage>5341</spage><pages>5341-</pages><issn>2071-1050</issn><eissn>2071-1050</eissn><abstract>Hospital buildings provide healthcare services at the costs of significant amounts of energy consumption and carbon emissions, further exacerbating the environmental load. Because of the limited research on the life cycle carbon emissions of Chinese hospitals, this study conducted a detailed carbon-accounting and comparative study. Firstly, BIM and LCA were used to quantify the carbon emissions of the inpatient building in each stage of the life cycle. Secondly, the differences in carbon emissions by stage were compared on the basis of 20 cases of public buildings. The results show that the whole-life carbon emissions of the inpatient building was 10,459.94 kgCO2/m2. The proportion of operational carbon emissions was 94.68%, with HVAC (52.57%), equipment (27.85%), and lighting (10.11%) being the main sources. Embodied carbon emissions accounted for 4.54%, and HRB400 steel and C30 concrete were the main sources of carbon emissions. Hospitals are second only to emporiums in terms of operational carbon intensity, being 1.71 and 1.41 times that of schools and office buildings, with inpatient buildings being 3 and 1.7 times that of medical complexes and outpatient buildings, respectively. The future sustainable development of hospital buildings should promote efficient building performance and good environmental quality, both in terms of energy efficiency and carbon reduction.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/su16135341</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2198-7812</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Building information modeling Carbon Case studies Climate change Construction Demolition Emissions Energy consumption Energy modeling Environmental impact Green buildings Hospitals Infectious diseases Public buildings Public health Simulation Software |
title | Using BIM and LCA to Calculate the Life Cycle Carbon Emissions of Inpatient Building: A Case Study in China |
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