Vehicular Fog Computing: A Survey of Architectures, Resource Management, Challenges and Emerging Trends

In response to the rise of sophisticated vehicular applications, there has been a surge in demand for strong communication and processing capabilities low in latency. Since cloud computing cannot meet these requirements, the focus becomes turned to make communication and computation capabilities closer to the vehicles, resulting in the creation of vehicular fog computing (VFC). The VFC has been proposed as an option promising for relieving the strain on base stations and reducing processing delays during peak periods. Because of the underutilized processing resources of surrounding vehicles, calculation activities may be transferred from the control center via vehicular fog nodes, increasing the system’s efficiency. On the other side, most smart vehicles, which have increased processing, store, and power capacities, waste higher than 90% of their time in parking areas. Using the underused processing capacity of parked vehicles or vehicle parked lots as fog nodes. With the combination of vehicular networks and fog computing, numerous difficulties and challenges arise, such as increasing service quality while also ensuring that resources are utilized and managed efficiently. This paper provides an overview of a prospective VFC technology, along with a set of architectures for investigating the fog paradigm in a vehicular environment. Finally, we will investigate the challenges that will arise during the implementation of vehicular fog computing, and the most important current trends in vehicular fog computing.