Individual Differences in Workplace Spirituality: Implications for Deep-Level Diversity and Team Outcomes

The purpose of the research is to provide leaders with an additional and unique way to conceptualize group-level diversity while understanding its potential impact on important team outcomes. The information and decision-making perspective of diversity suggests that "differences within a group's composition should be positively related to group performance as a result of a greater variability in skills, abilities and perspectives" (Khan et al., 2010, p. 290). Others have expressed WS as a way of recognizing that organizational members have strong identities that are tied to the social context of important and significant work (see Javanmard, 2012; Salem et al., 2022). [...]it seems that leaders should take an interest in setting up workplace conditions that capture the advantages associated with humanistic environments that allow people to achieve performance through creative expression and fulfillment. When such elements are present in team environments, there is a higher likelihood of more effective team processes through more functional conflict, healthier progression through stages of development, and better performance (Rezvani et al., 2019). Because of the potential importance of WS in organizations, it is useful to define the construct across its key dimensions.