The Fracture Evolution Mechanism of Tunnels with Different Cross-Sections under Biaxial Loading
Biaxial compression tests based on an elliptical tunnel were conducted to study the failure characteristics and the meso-crack evolution mechanism of tunnels with different cross-sections constructed in sandstone. The progressive crack propagation process around the elliptical tunnel was investigate...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Processes 2024-05, Vol.12 (5), p.891 |
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| creator | Jia, Lexin Qiu, Shili Cong, Yu Wang, Xiaoshan |
| description | Biaxial compression tests based on an elliptical tunnel were conducted to study the failure characteristics and the meso-crack evolution mechanism of tunnels with different cross-sections constructed in sandstone. The progressive crack propagation process around the elliptical tunnel was investigated using a real-time digital image correlation (DIC) system. Numerical simulations were performed on egg-shaped, U-shaped, and straight-walled arched tunnels based on the mesoscopic parameters of the elliptical tunnel and following the principle of an equal cross-sectional area. The meso-crack evolution and stress conditions of the four types of tunnels were compared. The results show that (1) fractures around an elliptical tunnel were mainly distributed at the end of the long axis and mainly induce slabbing failure, and the failure mode is similar to a V-shaped notch; (2) strain localization is an important characteristic of rock fracturing, which forebodes the initiation, propagation, and coalescence paths of macro-cracks; and (3) the peak loads of tunnels with egg-shaped, U-shaped, and straight-walled arched cross-sections are 98.76%, 97.56%, and 90.57% that of an elliptical cross-section. The elliptical cross-section shows the optimal bearing capacity. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/pr12050891 |
| format | Article |
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The progressive crack propagation process around the elliptical tunnel was investigated using a real-time digital image correlation (DIC) system. Numerical simulations were performed on egg-shaped, U-shaped, and straight-walled arched tunnels based on the mesoscopic parameters of the elliptical tunnel and following the principle of an equal cross-sectional area. The meso-crack evolution and stress conditions of the four types of tunnels were compared. The results show that (1) fractures around an elliptical tunnel were mainly distributed at the end of the long axis and mainly induce slabbing failure, and the failure mode is similar to a V-shaped notch; (2) strain localization is an important characteristic of rock fracturing, which forebodes the initiation, propagation, and coalescence paths of macro-cracks; and (3) the peak loads of tunnels with egg-shaped, U-shaped, and straight-walled arched cross-sections are 98.76%, 97.56%, and 90.57% that of an elliptical cross-section. The elliptical cross-section shows the optimal bearing capacity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2227-9717</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2227-9717</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/pr12050891</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Bearing capacity ; Biaxial loads ; Cameras ; Comparative analysis ; Compression tests ; Crack initiation ; Crack propagation ; Cracking (fracturing) ; Cross-sections ; Deformation ; Digital imaging ; Engineering ; Evolution ; Failure modes ; Fractures ; Localization ; Measurement techniques ; Peak load ; Propagation ; Sandstone ; Stone ; Strain localization ; Tunnels</subject><ispartof>Processes, 2024-05, Vol.12 (5), p.891</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c223t-fda48dada37fa52171e5fa32f93964e98f57bab17bba0fb2e52b10b9858b4f963</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jia, Lexin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qiu, Shili</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cong, Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xiaoshan</creatorcontrib><title>The Fracture Evolution Mechanism of Tunnels with Different Cross-Sections under Biaxial Loading</title><title>Processes</title><description>Biaxial compression tests based on an elliptical tunnel were conducted to study the failure characteristics and the meso-crack evolution mechanism of tunnels with different cross-sections constructed in sandstone. The progressive crack propagation process around the elliptical tunnel was investigated using a real-time digital image correlation (DIC) system. Numerical simulations were performed on egg-shaped, U-shaped, and straight-walled arched tunnels based on the mesoscopic parameters of the elliptical tunnel and following the principle of an equal cross-sectional area. The meso-crack evolution and stress conditions of the four types of tunnels were compared. The results show that (1) fractures around an elliptical tunnel were mainly distributed at the end of the long axis and mainly induce slabbing failure, and the failure mode is similar to a V-shaped notch; (2) strain localization is an important characteristic of rock fracturing, which forebodes the initiation, propagation, and coalescence paths of macro-cracks; and (3) the peak loads of tunnels with egg-shaped, U-shaped, and straight-walled arched cross-sections are 98.76%, 97.56%, and 90.57% that of an elliptical cross-section. The elliptical cross-section shows the optimal bearing capacity.</description><subject>Bearing capacity</subject><subject>Biaxial loads</subject><subject>Cameras</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>Compression tests</subject><subject>Crack initiation</subject><subject>Crack propagation</subject><subject>Cracking (fracturing)</subject><subject>Cross-sections</subject><subject>Deformation</subject><subject>Digital imaging</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Failure modes</subject><subject>Fractures</subject><subject>Localization</subject><subject>Measurement techniques</subject><subject>Peak load</subject><subject>Propagation</subject><subject>Sandstone</subject><subject>Stone</subject><subject>Strain localization</subject><subject>Tunnels</subject><issn>2227-9717</issn><issn>2227-9717</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpNUMtOwzAQtBBIVKUXvsASN6SAH3EcH0tpAamIA-VsOcm6dZXaxU54_D2pigS7h12tZmY1g9AlJTecK3K7j5QRQUpFT9CIMSYzJak8_befo0lKWzKUorwUxQjp1QbwIpq66yPg-Udo-84Fj5-h3hjv0g4Hi1e999Am_Om6Db531kIE3-FZDCllr1AfGAn3voGI75z5cqbFy2Aa59cX6MyaNsHkd47R22K-mj1my5eHp9l0mdWM8S6zjcnLxjSGS2sEo5KCsIYzq7gqclClFbIyFZVVZYitGAhWUVKpUpRVblXBx-jqqLuP4b2H1Olt6KMfXmpOhCokE4UYUDdH1Nq0oJ23oRusD93AztXBg3XDfSqVyPOC5gfZ6yOhPniNYPU-up2J35oSfQhd_4XOfwDG2nR0</recordid><startdate>20240501</startdate><enddate>20240501</enddate><creator>Jia, Lexin</creator><creator>Qiu, Shili</creator><creator>Cong, Yu</creator><creator>Wang, Xiaoshan</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20240501</creationdate><title>The Fracture Evolution Mechanism of Tunnels with Different Cross-Sections under Biaxial Loading</title><author>Jia, Lexin ; Qiu, Shili ; Cong, Yu ; Wang, Xiaoshan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c223t-fda48dada37fa52171e5fa32f93964e98f57bab17bba0fb2e52b10b9858b4f963</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Bearing capacity</topic><topic>Biaxial loads</topic><topic>Cameras</topic><topic>Comparative analysis</topic><topic>Compression tests</topic><topic>Crack initiation</topic><topic>Crack propagation</topic><topic>Cracking (fracturing)</topic><topic>Cross-sections</topic><topic>Deformation</topic><topic>Digital imaging</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Evolution</topic><topic>Failure modes</topic><topic>Fractures</topic><topic>Localization</topic><topic>Measurement techniques</topic><topic>Peak load</topic><topic>Propagation</topic><topic>Sandstone</topic><topic>Stone</topic><topic>Strain localization</topic><topic>Tunnels</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jia, Lexin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qiu, Shili</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cong, Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xiaoshan</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Processes</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jia, Lexin</au><au>Qiu, Shili</au><au>Cong, Yu</au><au>Wang, Xiaoshan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Fracture Evolution Mechanism of Tunnels with Different Cross-Sections under Biaxial Loading</atitle><jtitle>Processes</jtitle><date>2024-05-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>891</spage><pages>891-</pages><issn>2227-9717</issn><eissn>2227-9717</eissn><abstract>Biaxial compression tests based on an elliptical tunnel were conducted to study the failure characteristics and the meso-crack evolution mechanism of tunnels with different cross-sections constructed in sandstone. The progressive crack propagation process around the elliptical tunnel was investigated using a real-time digital image correlation (DIC) system. Numerical simulations were performed on egg-shaped, U-shaped, and straight-walled arched tunnels based on the mesoscopic parameters of the elliptical tunnel and following the principle of an equal cross-sectional area. The meso-crack evolution and stress conditions of the four types of tunnels were compared. The results show that (1) fractures around an elliptical tunnel were mainly distributed at the end of the long axis and mainly induce slabbing failure, and the failure mode is similar to a V-shaped notch; (2) strain localization is an important characteristic of rock fracturing, which forebodes the initiation, propagation, and coalescence paths of macro-cracks; and (3) the peak loads of tunnels with egg-shaped, U-shaped, and straight-walled arched cross-sections are 98.76%, 97.56%, and 90.57% that of an elliptical cross-section. The elliptical cross-section shows the optimal bearing capacity.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/pr12050891</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Bearing capacity Biaxial loads Cameras Comparative analysis Compression tests Crack initiation Crack propagation Cracking (fracturing) Cross-sections Deformation Digital imaging Engineering Evolution Failure modes Fractures Localization Measurement techniques Peak load Propagation Sandstone Stone Strain localization Tunnels |
| title | The Fracture Evolution Mechanism of Tunnels with Different Cross-Sections under Biaxial Loading |
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