Effect of Fire Source Elevation on the Smoke Spreading Characteristics in an Extra-Long Tunnel
In this work, the influences of fire source elevation on the smoke spreading characteristics involving thermal smoke stratification and temperature distribution upstream conducted experimentally in a full-scale tunnel were successively explored. The results indicate that Newman's hypothesized t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Fire technology 2024-03, Vol.60 (2), p.1313-1332 |
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| creator | Li, Zhisheng Zhang, Yuchun Jiang, Haokai Tang, Chunhua Luo, Denggang Chen, Longfei Lin, Youxin Li, Tao |
| description | In this work, the influences of fire source elevation on the smoke spreading characteristics involving thermal smoke stratification and temperature distribution upstream conducted experimentally in a full-scale tunnel were successively explored. The results indicate that Newman's hypothesized thermal smoke stratification based on the dimensionless temperature difference ratio agrees quite well with this measurement regardless of the elevation of the fire source. The relationship between the dimensionless temperature difference ratio and Froud number (
Fr
) is modified for various fire source elevations by substituting the effective height (
H
ef
) for the tunnel height (
H
). Concerning the upstream characteristics of smoke temperature decay, the decay coefficient
k
exhibits a non-linear growing tendency in response to the dimensionless fire source elevation created by this work. Finally, a modified correlation based on Hu's model is constructed which can be used to forecast temperature distributions upstream at various fire source elevations. The current research helps us understand the smoke dispersion characteristics of different types of vehicles, which is extremely important in the design and evaluation of fire systems. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10694-022-01299-y |
| format | Article |
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Fr
) is modified for various fire source elevations by substituting the effective height (
H
ef
) for the tunnel height (
H
). Concerning the upstream characteristics of smoke temperature decay, the decay coefficient
k
exhibits a non-linear growing tendency in response to the dimensionless fire source elevation created by this work. Finally, a modified correlation based on Hu's model is constructed which can be used to forecast temperature distributions upstream at various fire source elevations. The current research helps us understand the smoke dispersion characteristics of different types of vehicles, which is extremely important in the design and evaluation of fire systems.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0015-2684</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1572-8099</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10694-022-01299-y</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Civil Engineering ; Classical Mechanics ; Decay ; Elevation ; Engineering ; Fire protection ; Physics ; Smoke ; Smoke inhalation ; Stratification ; Temperature ; Temperature distribution ; Temperature gradients ; Tunnels ; Upstream</subject><ispartof>Fire technology, 2024-03, Vol.60 (2), p.1313-1332</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-95e5e29f39aa1f2da376cb9b3e47f06b4aec7e71d6f1f975a2df8ed75898b0513</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-95e5e29f39aa1f2da376cb9b3e47f06b4aec7e71d6f1f975a2df8ed75898b0513</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5983-9412</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-022-01299-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10694-022-01299-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,27929,27930,41493,42562,51324</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Li, Zhisheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yuchun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Haokai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Chunhua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luo, Denggang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Longfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Youxin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Tao</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of Fire Source Elevation on the Smoke Spreading Characteristics in an Extra-Long Tunnel</title><title>Fire technology</title><addtitle>Fire Technol</addtitle><description>In this work, the influences of fire source elevation on the smoke spreading characteristics involving thermal smoke stratification and temperature distribution upstream conducted experimentally in a full-scale tunnel were successively explored. The results indicate that Newman's hypothesized thermal smoke stratification based on the dimensionless temperature difference ratio agrees quite well with this measurement regardless of the elevation of the fire source. The relationship between the dimensionless temperature difference ratio and Froud number (
Fr
) is modified for various fire source elevations by substituting the effective height (
H
ef
) for the tunnel height (
H
). Concerning the upstream characteristics of smoke temperature decay, the decay coefficient
k
exhibits a non-linear growing tendency in response to the dimensionless fire source elevation created by this work. Finally, a modified correlation based on Hu's model is constructed which can be used to forecast temperature distributions upstream at various fire source elevations. The current research helps us understand the smoke dispersion characteristics of different types of vehicles, which is extremely important in the design and evaluation of fire systems.</description><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Civil Engineering</subject><subject>Classical Mechanics</subject><subject>Decay</subject><subject>Elevation</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Fire protection</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Smoke</subject><subject>Smoke inhalation</subject><subject>Stratification</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Temperature distribution</subject><subject>Temperature gradients</subject><subject>Tunnels</subject><subject>Upstream</subject><issn>0015-2684</issn><issn>1572-8099</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE1LAzEQhoMoWD_-gKeA5-gk-5HNUcpWhYIH69WQ3Z20W9tsTVKx_97oCt6EYQZm3neGeQi54nDDAeRt4FCqnIEQDLhQih2OyIQXUrAKlDomEwBeMFFW-Sk5C2ENAEqWMCGvtbXYRjpYOus90udh71uk9QY_TOwHR1PEVepvh7eUdx5N17slna6MN21E34fYt4H2jhpH68_oDZsPSbDYO4ebC3JizSbg5W89Jy-zejF9YPOn-8fp3Zy1GVeRqQILFMpmyhhuRWcyWbaNajLMpYWyyQ22EiXvSsutkoURna2wk0WlqgYKnp2T63Hvzg_vewxRr9MjLp3UWZpzVQopk0qMqtYPIXi0euf7rfEHzUF_c9QjR5046h-O-pBM2WgKSeyW6P9W_-P6AlZ_dp8</recordid><startdate>20240301</startdate><enddate>20240301</enddate><creator>Li, Zhisheng</creator><creator>Zhang, Yuchun</creator><creator>Jiang, Haokai</creator><creator>Tang, Chunhua</creator><creator>Luo, Denggang</creator><creator>Chen, Longfei</creator><creator>Lin, Youxin</creator><creator>Li, Tao</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>U9A</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5983-9412</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240301</creationdate><title>Effect of Fire Source Elevation on the Smoke Spreading Characteristics in an Extra-Long Tunnel</title><author>Li, Zhisheng ; Zhang, Yuchun ; Jiang, Haokai ; Tang, Chunhua ; Luo, Denggang ; Chen, Longfei ; Lin, Youxin ; Li, Tao</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-95e5e29f39aa1f2da376cb9b3e47f06b4aec7e71d6f1f975a2df8ed75898b0513</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Civil Engineering</topic><topic>Classical Mechanics</topic><topic>Decay</topic><topic>Elevation</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Fire protection</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Smoke</topic><topic>Smoke inhalation</topic><topic>Stratification</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Temperature distribution</topic><topic>Temperature gradients</topic><topic>Tunnels</topic><topic>Upstream</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Li, Zhisheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yuchun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Haokai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Chunhua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luo, Denggang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Longfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Youxin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Tao</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Fire technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Li, Zhisheng</au><au>Zhang, Yuchun</au><au>Jiang, Haokai</au><au>Tang, Chunhua</au><au>Luo, Denggang</au><au>Chen, Longfei</au><au>Lin, Youxin</au><au>Li, Tao</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of Fire Source Elevation on the Smoke Spreading Characteristics in an Extra-Long Tunnel</atitle><jtitle>Fire technology</jtitle><stitle>Fire Technol</stitle><date>2024-03-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>60</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>1313</spage><epage>1332</epage><pages>1313-1332</pages><issn>0015-2684</issn><eissn>1572-8099</eissn><abstract>In this work, the influences of fire source elevation on the smoke spreading characteristics involving thermal smoke stratification and temperature distribution upstream conducted experimentally in a full-scale tunnel were successively explored. The results indicate that Newman's hypothesized thermal smoke stratification based on the dimensionless temperature difference ratio agrees quite well with this measurement regardless of the elevation of the fire source. The relationship between the dimensionless temperature difference ratio and Froud number (
Fr
) is modified for various fire source elevations by substituting the effective height (
H
ef
) for the tunnel height (
H
). Concerning the upstream characteristics of smoke temperature decay, the decay coefficient
k
exhibits a non-linear growing tendency in response to the dimensionless fire source elevation created by this work. Finally, a modified correlation based on Hu's model is constructed which can be used to forecast temperature distributions upstream at various fire source elevations. The current research helps us understand the smoke dispersion characteristics of different types of vehicles, which is extremely important in the design and evaluation of fire systems.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s10694-022-01299-y</doi><tpages>20</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5983-9412</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Civil Engineering Classical Mechanics Decay Elevation Engineering Fire protection Physics Smoke Smoke inhalation Stratification Temperature Temperature distribution Temperature gradients Tunnels Upstream |
| title | Effect of Fire Source Elevation on the Smoke Spreading Characteristics in an Extra-Long Tunnel |
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