A positive trend in the stability of global offshore wind energy
The recognition on the trend of wind energy stability is still extremely rare, although it is closely related to acquisition efficiency, grid connection, equipment lifetime, and costs of wind energy utilization. Using the 40-year (1979–2018) ERA-Interim data from the European Center for Medium-Range...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Acta oceanologica Sinica 2024, Vol.43 (1), p.123-134 |
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| description | The recognition on the trend of wind energy stability is still extremely rare, although it is closely related to acquisition efficiency, grid connection, equipment lifetime, and costs of wind energy utilization. Using the 40-year (1979–2018) ERA-Interim data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, this study presented the spatial-temporal distribution and climatic trend of the stability of global offshore wind energy as well as the abrupt phenomenon of wind energy stability in key regions over the past 40 years with the climatic analysis method and Mann-Kendall (M-K) test. The results show the following 5 points. (1) According to the coefficient of variation (
C
v
) of the wind power density, there are six permanent stable zones of global offshore wind energy: the southeast and northeast trade wind zones in the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans, the Southern Hemisphere westerly, and a semi-permanent stable zone (North Indian Ocean). (2) There are six low-value zones for both seasonal variability index (
S
v
) and monthly variability index (
M
v
) globally, with a similar spatial distribution as that of the six permanent stable zones.
M
v
and
S
v
in the Arabian Sea are the highest in the world. (3) After
C
v
,
M
v
and
S
v
are comprehensively considered, the six permanent stable zones have an obvious advantage in the stability of wind energy over other sea areas, with
C
v
below 0.8,
M
v
within 1.0, and
S
v
within 0.7 all the year round. (4) The global stability of offshore wind energy shows a positive climatic trend for the past four decades.
C
v
,
M
v
and
S
v
have not changed significantly or decreased in most of the global ocean during 1979 to 2018. That is, wind energy is flat or more stable, while the monthly and seasonal variabilities tend to shrink/smooth, which is beneficial for wind energy utilization. (5)
C
v
in the low-latitude Pacific and
M
v
and
S
v
in both the North Indian Ocean and the low-latitude Pacific have an obvious abrupt phenomenon at the end of the 20th century. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s13131-024-2345-4 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_3049775871</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3049555009</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c296t-52dc12622a151faa82ab46c6572c1c81537cade47ebfd0dddc5ef712e5d41b783</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkE1LxDAQhoMouK7-AG8Bz9FMmmnam8viFyx4UfAW0iTd7VLbNekq_fdmqeBJZA4zh-edGR5CLoFfA-fqJkKWinEhmcgkMnlEZlDkJQNelsdkxgVmDDm-nZKzGLecI2CmZuR2QXd9bIbm09Mh-M7RpqPDxtM4mKppm2GkfU3XbV-ZNk113PTB068mgb7zYT2ek5PatNFf_PQ5eb2_e1k-stXzw9NysWJWlPnAUDgLIhfCAEJtTCFMJXOboxIWbHF4xhrnpfJV7bhzzqKvFQiPTkKlimxOrqa9u9B_7H0c9Lbfhy6d1BmXpVJYKPiPQkTOy0TBRNnQxxh8rXeheTdh1MD1QaeedOqkUx90apkyYsrExHZrH343_x36BvOUdpM</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3049555009</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A positive trend in the stability of global offshore wind energy</title><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Zheng, Chongwei</creator><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Chongwei</creatorcontrib><description>The recognition on the trend of wind energy stability is still extremely rare, although it is closely related to acquisition efficiency, grid connection, equipment lifetime, and costs of wind energy utilization. Using the 40-year (1979–2018) ERA-Interim data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, this study presented the spatial-temporal distribution and climatic trend of the stability of global offshore wind energy as well as the abrupt phenomenon of wind energy stability in key regions over the past 40 years with the climatic analysis method and Mann-Kendall (M-K) test. The results show the following 5 points. (1) According to the coefficient of variation (
C
v
) of the wind power density, there are six permanent stable zones of global offshore wind energy: the southeast and northeast trade wind zones in the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans, the Southern Hemisphere westerly, and a semi-permanent stable zone (North Indian Ocean). (2) There are six low-value zones for both seasonal variability index (
S
v
) and monthly variability index (
M
v
) globally, with a similar spatial distribution as that of the six permanent stable zones.
M
v
and
S
v
in the Arabian Sea are the highest in the world. (3) After
C
v
,
M
v
and
S
v
are comprehensively considered, the six permanent stable zones have an obvious advantage in the stability of wind energy over other sea areas, with
C
v
below 0.8,
M
v
within 1.0, and
S
v
within 0.7 all the year round. (4) The global stability of offshore wind energy shows a positive climatic trend for the past four decades.
C
v
,
M
v
and
S
v
have not changed significantly or decreased in most of the global ocean during 1979 to 2018. That is, wind energy is flat or more stable, while the monthly and seasonal variabilities tend to shrink/smooth, which is beneficial for wind energy utilization. (5)
C
v
in the low-latitude Pacific and
M
v
and
S
v
in both the North Indian Ocean and the low-latitude Pacific have an obvious abrupt phenomenon at the end of the 20th century.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0253-505X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1869-1099</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s13131-024-2345-4</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Climate trends ; Climatic analysis ; Climatology ; Coefficient of variation ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Ecology ; Energy ; Energy costs ; Energy utilization ; Engineering Fluid Dynamics ; Environmental Chemistry ; Latitude ; Marine & Freshwater Sciences ; Medium-range forecasting ; Oceanography ; Oceans ; Offshore ; Offshore energy sources ; Seasonal variability ; Seasonal variation ; Seasonal variations ; Southern Hemisphere ; Spatial distribution ; Stability ; Temporal distribution ; Trade winds ; Weather forecasting ; Wind power</subject><ispartof>Acta oceanologica Sinica, 2024, Vol.43 (1), p.123-134</ispartof><rights>Chinese Society for Oceanography and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024</rights><rights>Chinese Society for Oceanography and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c296t-52dc12622a151faa82ab46c6572c1c81537cade47ebfd0dddc5ef712e5d41b783</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13131-024-2345-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13131-024-2345-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Chongwei</creatorcontrib><title>A positive trend in the stability of global offshore wind energy</title><title>Acta oceanologica Sinica</title><addtitle>Acta Oceanol. Sin</addtitle><description>The recognition on the trend of wind energy stability is still extremely rare, although it is closely related to acquisition efficiency, grid connection, equipment lifetime, and costs of wind energy utilization. Using the 40-year (1979–2018) ERA-Interim data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, this study presented the spatial-temporal distribution and climatic trend of the stability of global offshore wind energy as well as the abrupt phenomenon of wind energy stability in key regions over the past 40 years with the climatic analysis method and Mann-Kendall (M-K) test. The results show the following 5 points. (1) According to the coefficient of variation (
C
v
) of the wind power density, there are six permanent stable zones of global offshore wind energy: the southeast and northeast trade wind zones in the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans, the Southern Hemisphere westerly, and a semi-permanent stable zone (North Indian Ocean). (2) There are six low-value zones for both seasonal variability index (
S
v
) and monthly variability index (
M
v
) globally, with a similar spatial distribution as that of the six permanent stable zones.
M
v
and
S
v
in the Arabian Sea are the highest in the world. (3) After
C
v
,
M
v
and
S
v
are comprehensively considered, the six permanent stable zones have an obvious advantage in the stability of wind energy over other sea areas, with
C
v
below 0.8,
M
v
within 1.0, and
S
v
within 0.7 all the year round. (4) The global stability of offshore wind energy shows a positive climatic trend for the past four decades.
C
v
,
M
v
and
S
v
have not changed significantly or decreased in most of the global ocean during 1979 to 2018. That is, wind energy is flat or more stable, while the monthly and seasonal variabilities tend to shrink/smooth, which is beneficial for wind energy utilization. (5)
C
v
in the low-latitude Pacific and
M
v
and
S
v
in both the North Indian Ocean and the low-latitude Pacific have an obvious abrupt phenomenon at the end of the 20th century.</description><subject>Climate trends</subject><subject>Climatic analysis</subject><subject>Climatology</subject><subject>Coefficient of variation</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>Energy costs</subject><subject>Energy utilization</subject><subject>Engineering Fluid Dynamics</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Latitude</subject><subject>Marine & Freshwater Sciences</subject><subject>Medium-range forecasting</subject><subject>Oceanography</subject><subject>Oceans</subject><subject>Offshore</subject><subject>Offshore energy sources</subject><subject>Seasonal variability</subject><subject>Seasonal variation</subject><subject>Seasonal variations</subject><subject>Southern Hemisphere</subject><subject>Spatial distribution</subject><subject>Stability</subject><subject>Temporal distribution</subject><subject>Trade winds</subject><subject>Weather forecasting</subject><subject>Wind power</subject><issn>0253-505X</issn><issn>1869-1099</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkE1LxDAQhoMouK7-AG8Bz9FMmmnam8viFyx4UfAW0iTd7VLbNekq_fdmqeBJZA4zh-edGR5CLoFfA-fqJkKWinEhmcgkMnlEZlDkJQNelsdkxgVmDDm-nZKzGLecI2CmZuR2QXd9bIbm09Mh-M7RpqPDxtM4mKppm2GkfU3XbV-ZNk113PTB068mgb7zYT2ek5PatNFf_PQ5eb2_e1k-stXzw9NysWJWlPnAUDgLIhfCAEJtTCFMJXOboxIWbHF4xhrnpfJV7bhzzqKvFQiPTkKlimxOrqa9u9B_7H0c9Lbfhy6d1BmXpVJYKPiPQkTOy0TBRNnQxxh8rXeheTdh1MD1QaeedOqkUx90apkyYsrExHZrH343_x36BvOUdpM</recordid><startdate>2024</startdate><enddate>2024</enddate><creator>Zheng, Chongwei</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>H98</scope><scope>H99</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L.F</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2024</creationdate><title>A positive trend in the stability of global offshore wind energy</title><author>Zheng, Chongwei</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c296t-52dc12622a151faa82ab46c6572c1c81537cade47ebfd0dddc5ef712e5d41b783</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Climate trends</topic><topic>Climatic analysis</topic><topic>Climatology</topic><topic>Coefficient of variation</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Energy</topic><topic>Energy costs</topic><topic>Energy utilization</topic><topic>Engineering Fluid Dynamics</topic><topic>Environmental Chemistry</topic><topic>Latitude</topic><topic>Marine & Freshwater Sciences</topic><topic>Medium-range forecasting</topic><topic>Oceanography</topic><topic>Oceans</topic><topic>Offshore</topic><topic>Offshore energy sources</topic><topic>Seasonal variability</topic><topic>Seasonal variation</topic><topic>Seasonal variations</topic><topic>Southern Hemisphere</topic><topic>Spatial distribution</topic><topic>Stability</topic><topic>Temporal distribution</topic><topic>Trade winds</topic><topic>Weather forecasting</topic><topic>Wind power</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Chongwei</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science 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Sinica</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zheng, Chongwei</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A positive trend in the stability of global offshore wind energy</atitle><jtitle>Acta oceanologica Sinica</jtitle><stitle>Acta Oceanol. Sin</stitle><date>2024</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>43</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>123</spage><epage>134</epage><pages>123-134</pages><issn>0253-505X</issn><eissn>1869-1099</eissn><abstract>The recognition on the trend of wind energy stability is still extremely rare, although it is closely related to acquisition efficiency, grid connection, equipment lifetime, and costs of wind energy utilization. Using the 40-year (1979–2018) ERA-Interim data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, this study presented the spatial-temporal distribution and climatic trend of the stability of global offshore wind energy as well as the abrupt phenomenon of wind energy stability in key regions over the past 40 years with the climatic analysis method and Mann-Kendall (M-K) test. The results show the following 5 points. (1) According to the coefficient of variation (
C
v
) of the wind power density, there are six permanent stable zones of global offshore wind energy: the southeast and northeast trade wind zones in the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans, the Southern Hemisphere westerly, and a semi-permanent stable zone (North Indian Ocean). (2) There are six low-value zones for both seasonal variability index (
S
v
) and monthly variability index (
M
v
) globally, with a similar spatial distribution as that of the six permanent stable zones.
M
v
and
S
v
in the Arabian Sea are the highest in the world. (3) After
C
v
,
M
v
and
S
v
are comprehensively considered, the six permanent stable zones have an obvious advantage in the stability of wind energy over other sea areas, with
C
v
below 0.8,
M
v
within 1.0, and
S
v
within 0.7 all the year round. (4) The global stability of offshore wind energy shows a positive climatic trend for the past four decades.
C
v
,
M
v
and
S
v
have not changed significantly or decreased in most of the global ocean during 1979 to 2018. That is, wind energy is flat or more stable, while the monthly and seasonal variabilities tend to shrink/smooth, which is beneficial for wind energy utilization. (5)
C
v
in the low-latitude Pacific and
M
v
and
S
v
in both the North Indian Ocean and the low-latitude Pacific have an obvious abrupt phenomenon at the end of the 20th century.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s13131-024-2345-4</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Acta oceanologica Sinica, 2024, Vol.43 (1), p.123-134 |
| issn | 0253-505X 1869-1099 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Alma/SFX Local Collection; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Climate trends Climatic analysis Climatology Coefficient of variation Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Ecology Energy Energy costs Energy utilization Engineering Fluid Dynamics Environmental Chemistry Latitude Marine & Freshwater Sciences Medium-range forecasting Oceanography Oceans Offshore Offshore energy sources Seasonal variability Seasonal variation Seasonal variations Southern Hemisphere Spatial distribution Stability Temporal distribution Trade winds Weather forecasting Wind power |
| title | A positive trend in the stability of global offshore wind energy |
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