Organic Carbon Sources in Surface Sediments on the Northern South China Sea

The burial of organic carbon (OC) in marine sediments regulates CO2 content in the atmosphere. However, the OC sources and their effect on the OC preservation in sediments of the continental marginal sea remain elusive. Here, we survey the abundance, stable carbon and radiocarbon isotopes of OC, as...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of geophysical research. Biogeosciences 2024-04, Vol.129 (4), p.n/a
Hauptverfasser: Lin, Baozhi, Liu, Zhifei, Eglinton, Timothy I., Wiesner, Martin G., Blattmann, Thomas M., Haghipour, Negar
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container_title Journal of geophysical research. Biogeosciences
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creator Lin, Baozhi
Liu, Zhifei
Eglinton, Timothy I.
Wiesner, Martin G.
Blattmann, Thomas M.
Haghipour, Negar
description The burial of organic carbon (OC) in marine sediments regulates CO2 content in the atmosphere. However, the OC sources and their effect on the OC preservation in sediments of the continental marginal sea remain elusive. Here, we survey the abundance, stable carbon and radiocarbon isotopes of OC, as well as mineral surface area and grain size in surface sediments from the shelf to the abyssal plain of the South China Sea. We found that the marine OC comprises the 63 ± 9% and 78 ± 14% of sedimentary OC off South China and Luzon, respectively. The petrogenic OC contributing to sedimentary OC in these sites is generally higher than that of soil OC (22 ± 10% vs. 12 ± 6%). The sedimentary OC off Taiwan is predominantly derived from petrogenic OC, accounting for 57 ± 10%, with remaining consisting of marine OC (36 ± 10%) and soil OC (6 ± 1%). High soil OC contents are found in fine sediments on the inner shelf off South China, and high petrogenic OC contents occur in fine sediments off Taiwan. Marine OC contents are high in fine sediments on the middle shelf and upper slope off South China, but low in coarse sediments on the outer shelf and upper slope, and fine sediments on the lower slope and abyssal plain. The OC sources, mineral surface area, and oxygen exposure time of OC together control the preservation of OC in sediments with their relative importance differing on varying depositional settings of this sea. Plain Language Summary The organic carbon preserved in marine sediments controls the atmospheric CO2 content. However, the sources of organic carbon in marine sediments and the factors affecting their preservation are currently not fully understood. Here, we analyze the content, stable isotope, and radioactive isotope of total organic carbon, as well as the mineral surface area and grain size of surface sediments in the South China Sea. We found that the sedimentary organic carbon is mainly marine derived organic carbon off South China and Luzon, while off Taiwan it is mainly rock derived organic carbon. Fine‐grained sediments in the South China Sea contain high contents of soil derived organic carbon on the inner shelf and high contents of marine derived organic carbon on the middle shelf and upper slope, while on the lower slope and abyssal plain, they contain low contents of marine derived organic carbon off South China and high contents of rock derived organic carbon off Taiwan. Coarse‐grained sediments in the South China Sea all contain low content
doi_str_mv 10.1029/2023JG007909
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However, the OC sources and their effect on the OC preservation in sediments of the continental marginal sea remain elusive. Here, we survey the abundance, stable carbon and radiocarbon isotopes of OC, as well as mineral surface area and grain size in surface sediments from the shelf to the abyssal plain of the South China Sea. We found that the marine OC comprises the 63 ± 9% and 78 ± 14% of sedimentary OC off South China and Luzon, respectively. The petrogenic OC contributing to sedimentary OC in these sites is generally higher than that of soil OC (22 ± 10% vs. 12 ± 6%). The sedimentary OC off Taiwan is predominantly derived from petrogenic OC, accounting for 57 ± 10%, with remaining consisting of marine OC (36 ± 10%) and soil OC (6 ± 1%). High soil OC contents are found in fine sediments on the inner shelf off South China, and high petrogenic OC contents occur in fine sediments off Taiwan. Marine OC contents are high in fine sediments on the middle shelf and upper slope off South China, but low in coarse sediments on the outer shelf and upper slope, and fine sediments on the lower slope and abyssal plain. The OC sources, mineral surface area, and oxygen exposure time of OC together control the preservation of OC in sediments with their relative importance differing on varying depositional settings of this sea. Plain Language Summary The organic carbon preserved in marine sediments controls the atmospheric CO2 content. However, the sources of organic carbon in marine sediments and the factors affecting their preservation are currently not fully understood. Here, we analyze the content, stable isotope, and radioactive isotope of total organic carbon, as well as the mineral surface area and grain size of surface sediments in the South China Sea. We found that the sedimentary organic carbon is mainly marine derived organic carbon off South China and Luzon, while off Taiwan it is mainly rock derived organic carbon. Fine‐grained sediments in the South China Sea contain high contents of soil derived organic carbon on the inner shelf and high contents of marine derived organic carbon on the middle shelf and upper slope, while on the lower slope and abyssal plain, they contain low contents of marine derived organic carbon off South China and high contents of rock derived organic carbon off Taiwan. Coarse‐grained sediments in the South China Sea all contain low contents of organic carbon. Our research reveals that mineral surface area, organic carbon source, and oxygen exposure time jointly modulate the preservation of sedimentary organic carbon in marine sediments. Key Points Marine organic carbon made up a majority of surface sediments off South China and Luzon Petrogenic organic carbon significantly contributes to the surface sediments off Taiwan Mineral surface area, sources and oxygen exposure time of organic carbon control the preservation of organic carbon on surface sediments</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-8953</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-8961</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2023JG007909</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>abyssal plain ; Abyssal plains ; Abyssal zone ; Carbon ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbon sources ; continental marginal sea ; Grain size ; Isotopes ; Marginal seas ; Marine sediments ; Minerals ; Organic carbon ; Organic soils ; Oxygen ; Particle size ; Preservation ; radiocarbon ; Radiocarbon dating ; Radioisotopes ; Rocks ; Sediment ; sedimentary organic carbon ; Sediments ; Shelving ; Slope ; Soil ; Soils ; South China Sea ; stable carbon isotope ; Stable isotopes ; Surface area ; Total organic carbon</subject><ispartof>Journal of geophysical research. Biogeosciences, 2024-04, Vol.129 (4), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>2024. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3075-31ab499860d13258d6789449b2cb7c0fc7833429c65ab0763b2acdea1efec3a33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3075-31ab499860d13258d6789449b2cb7c0fc7833429c65ab0763b2acdea1efec3a33</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5060-2155 ; 0000-0001-8223-0536 ; 0000-0002-6600-1589 ; 0000-0002-5202-6283 ; 0000-0001-7052-7922</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2023JG007909$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2023JG007909$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lin, Baozhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zhifei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eglinton, Timothy I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wiesner, Martin G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blattmann, Thomas M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haghipour, Negar</creatorcontrib><title>Organic Carbon Sources in Surface Sediments on the Northern South China Sea</title><title>Journal of geophysical research. Biogeosciences</title><description>The burial of organic carbon (OC) in marine sediments regulates CO2 content in the atmosphere. However, the OC sources and their effect on the OC preservation in sediments of the continental marginal sea remain elusive. Here, we survey the abundance, stable carbon and radiocarbon isotopes of OC, as well as mineral surface area and grain size in surface sediments from the shelf to the abyssal plain of the South China Sea. We found that the marine OC comprises the 63 ± 9% and 78 ± 14% of sedimentary OC off South China and Luzon, respectively. The petrogenic OC contributing to sedimentary OC in these sites is generally higher than that of soil OC (22 ± 10% vs. 12 ± 6%). The sedimentary OC off Taiwan is predominantly derived from petrogenic OC, accounting for 57 ± 10%, with remaining consisting of marine OC (36 ± 10%) and soil OC (6 ± 1%). High soil OC contents are found in fine sediments on the inner shelf off South China, and high petrogenic OC contents occur in fine sediments off Taiwan. Marine OC contents are high in fine sediments on the middle shelf and upper slope off South China, but low in coarse sediments on the outer shelf and upper slope, and fine sediments on the lower slope and abyssal plain. The OC sources, mineral surface area, and oxygen exposure time of OC together control the preservation of OC in sediments with their relative importance differing on varying depositional settings of this sea. Plain Language Summary The organic carbon preserved in marine sediments controls the atmospheric CO2 content. However, the sources of organic carbon in marine sediments and the factors affecting their preservation are currently not fully understood. Here, we analyze the content, stable isotope, and radioactive isotope of total organic carbon, as well as the mineral surface area and grain size of surface sediments in the South China Sea. We found that the sedimentary organic carbon is mainly marine derived organic carbon off South China and Luzon, while off Taiwan it is mainly rock derived organic carbon. Fine‐grained sediments in the South China Sea contain high contents of soil derived organic carbon on the inner shelf and high contents of marine derived organic carbon on the middle shelf and upper slope, while on the lower slope and abyssal plain, they contain low contents of marine derived organic carbon off South China and high contents of rock derived organic carbon off Taiwan. Coarse‐grained sediments in the South China Sea all contain low contents of organic carbon. Our research reveals that mineral surface area, organic carbon source, and oxygen exposure time jointly modulate the preservation of sedimentary organic carbon in marine sediments. Key Points Marine organic carbon made up a majority of surface sediments off South China and Luzon Petrogenic organic carbon significantly contributes to the surface sediments off Taiwan Mineral surface area, sources and oxygen exposure time of organic carbon control the preservation of organic carbon on surface sediments</description><subject>abyssal plain</subject><subject>Abyssal plains</subject><subject>Abyssal zone</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbon sources</subject><subject>continental marginal sea</subject><subject>Grain size</subject><subject>Isotopes</subject><subject>Marginal seas</subject><subject>Marine sediments</subject><subject>Minerals</subject><subject>Organic carbon</subject><subject>Organic soils</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Particle size</subject><subject>Preservation</subject><subject>radiocarbon</subject><subject>Radiocarbon dating</subject><subject>Radioisotopes</subject><subject>Rocks</subject><subject>Sediment</subject><subject>sedimentary organic carbon</subject><subject>Sediments</subject><subject>Shelving</subject><subject>Slope</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>South China Sea</subject><subject>stable carbon isotope</subject><subject>Stable isotopes</subject><subject>Surface area</subject><subject>Total organic carbon</subject><issn>2169-8953</issn><issn>2169-8961</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kF1LwzAUhoMoOObu_AEBb60mOW0-LqVodQ4HTq9Dmqa2Y2tn0iL790Yn4pXn5n055-F8IXROyRUlTF0zwmBeECIUUUdowihXiVScHv_6DE7RLIQ1iSFjitIJelz6N9O1FufGl32HV_3orQu4jXb0tbEOr1zVbl03BBzrQ-PwU--j-G94aHDetJ2JlDlDJ7XZBDf70Sl6vbt9ye-TxbJ4yG8WiQUisgSoKVOlJCcVBZbJigup0lSVzJbCktoKCZAyZXlmSiI4lMzYyhnqamfBAEzRxaHvzvfvowuDXsetuzhSA0kziOcJFqnLA2V9H4J3td75dmv8XlOivz6m_34s4nDAP9qN2__L6nnxXDDGZQafd4RqgQ</recordid><startdate>202404</startdate><enddate>202404</enddate><creator>Lin, Baozhi</creator><creator>Liu, Zhifei</creator><creator>Eglinton, Timothy I.</creator><creator>Wiesner, Martin G.</creator><creator>Blattmann, Thomas M.</creator><creator>Haghipour, Negar</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>L.G</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5060-2155</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8223-0536</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6600-1589</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-6283</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7052-7922</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202404</creationdate><title>Organic Carbon Sources in Surface Sediments on the Northern South China Sea</title><author>Lin, Baozhi ; Liu, Zhifei ; Eglinton, Timothy I. ; Wiesner, Martin G. ; Blattmann, Thomas M. ; Haghipour, Negar</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3075-31ab499860d13258d6789449b2cb7c0fc7833429c65ab0763b2acdea1efec3a33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>abyssal plain</topic><topic>Abyssal plains</topic><topic>Abyssal zone</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>Carbon sources</topic><topic>continental marginal sea</topic><topic>Grain size</topic><topic>Isotopes</topic><topic>Marginal seas</topic><topic>Marine sediments</topic><topic>Minerals</topic><topic>Organic carbon</topic><topic>Organic soils</topic><topic>Oxygen</topic><topic>Particle size</topic><topic>Preservation</topic><topic>radiocarbon</topic><topic>Radiocarbon dating</topic><topic>Radioisotopes</topic><topic>Rocks</topic><topic>Sediment</topic><topic>sedimentary organic carbon</topic><topic>Sediments</topic><topic>Shelving</topic><topic>Slope</topic><topic>Soil</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>South China Sea</topic><topic>stable carbon isotope</topic><topic>Stable isotopes</topic><topic>Surface area</topic><topic>Total organic carbon</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lin, Baozhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zhifei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eglinton, Timothy I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wiesner, Martin G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blattmann, Thomas M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haghipour, Negar</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science &amp; Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy &amp; Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science &amp; Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Biogeosciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lin, Baozhi</au><au>Liu, Zhifei</au><au>Eglinton, Timothy I.</au><au>Wiesner, Martin G.</au><au>Blattmann, Thomas M.</au><au>Haghipour, Negar</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Organic Carbon Sources in Surface Sediments on the Northern South China Sea</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Biogeosciences</jtitle><date>2024-04</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>129</volume><issue>4</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>2169-8953</issn><eissn>2169-8961</eissn><abstract>The burial of organic carbon (OC) in marine sediments regulates CO2 content in the atmosphere. However, the OC sources and their effect on the OC preservation in sediments of the continental marginal sea remain elusive. Here, we survey the abundance, stable carbon and radiocarbon isotopes of OC, as well as mineral surface area and grain size in surface sediments from the shelf to the abyssal plain of the South China Sea. We found that the marine OC comprises the 63 ± 9% and 78 ± 14% of sedimentary OC off South China and Luzon, respectively. The petrogenic OC contributing to sedimentary OC in these sites is generally higher than that of soil OC (22 ± 10% vs. 12 ± 6%). The sedimentary OC off Taiwan is predominantly derived from petrogenic OC, accounting for 57 ± 10%, with remaining consisting of marine OC (36 ± 10%) and soil OC (6 ± 1%). High soil OC contents are found in fine sediments on the inner shelf off South China, and high petrogenic OC contents occur in fine sediments off Taiwan. Marine OC contents are high in fine sediments on the middle shelf and upper slope off South China, but low in coarse sediments on the outer shelf and upper slope, and fine sediments on the lower slope and abyssal plain. The OC sources, mineral surface area, and oxygen exposure time of OC together control the preservation of OC in sediments with their relative importance differing on varying depositional settings of this sea. Plain Language Summary The organic carbon preserved in marine sediments controls the atmospheric CO2 content. However, the sources of organic carbon in marine sediments and the factors affecting their preservation are currently not fully understood. Here, we analyze the content, stable isotope, and radioactive isotope of total organic carbon, as well as the mineral surface area and grain size of surface sediments in the South China Sea. We found that the sedimentary organic carbon is mainly marine derived organic carbon off South China and Luzon, while off Taiwan it is mainly rock derived organic carbon. Fine‐grained sediments in the South China Sea contain high contents of soil derived organic carbon on the inner shelf and high contents of marine derived organic carbon on the middle shelf and upper slope, while on the lower slope and abyssal plain, they contain low contents of marine derived organic carbon off South China and high contents of rock derived organic carbon off Taiwan. Coarse‐grained sediments in the South China Sea all contain low contents of organic carbon. Our research reveals that mineral surface area, organic carbon source, and oxygen exposure time jointly modulate the preservation of sedimentary organic carbon in marine sediments. Key Points Marine organic carbon made up a majority of surface sediments off South China and Luzon Petrogenic organic carbon significantly contributes to the surface sediments off Taiwan Mineral surface area, sources and oxygen exposure time of organic carbon control the preservation of organic carbon on surface sediments</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1029/2023JG007909</doi><tpages>22</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5060-2155</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8223-0536</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6600-1589</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-6283</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7052-7922</orcidid></addata></record>
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subjects abyssal plain
Abyssal plains
Abyssal zone
Carbon
Carbon dioxide
Carbon sources
continental marginal sea
Grain size
Isotopes
Marginal seas
Marine sediments
Minerals
Organic carbon
Organic soils
Oxygen
Particle size
Preservation
radiocarbon
Radiocarbon dating
Radioisotopes
Rocks
Sediment
sedimentary organic carbon
Sediments
Shelving
Slope
Soil
Soils
South China Sea
stable carbon isotope
Stable isotopes
Surface area
Total organic carbon
title Organic Carbon Sources in Surface Sediments on the Northern South China Sea
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