A comprehensive review of phytochemicals of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) as antiviral therapeutics
Viruses have caused millions and billions of infections and high mortality rates without successful immunization due to a lack of antiviral drugs approved for clinical use. Therefore, the discovery of novel antiviral drugs is impertinent and natural products are excellent alternative sources. Withan...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Discover Applied Sciences 2024-04, Vol.6 (4), p.187, Article 187 |
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| creator | Ozeer, Fathima Zahraa Nagandran, Saraswathi Wu, Yuan Seng Wong, Ling Shing Stephen, Annatasha Lee, Michelle Felicia Kijsomporn, Jureerat Guad, Rhanye Mac Batumalaie, Kalaivani Oyewusi, Habeebat Adekilekun Verma, Amita Yadav, Ekta Afzal, Sheryar Sekar, Mahendran Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan Fuloria, Neeraj Kumar Fuloria, Shivkanya Sarker, Md. Moklesur Rahman |
| description | Viruses have caused millions and billions of infections and high mortality rates without successful immunization due to a lack of antiviral drugs approved for clinical use. Therefore, the discovery of novel antiviral drugs is impertinent and natural products are excellent alternative sources.
Withania somnifera
(L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) is recognized as one of the most significant herbs in the Ayurvedic system and it had been utilized in various biological actions for more than 3000 years. This review aimed to discuss the therapeutic effects and associated molecular mechanisms of
Withania
somnifera (WS) and its phytochemicals, withanolides against various viruses in preclinical and clinical settings towards developing potential inhibitors which could target virus proteins or their respective host cell receptors. WS was reported to attenuate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), serve as a potential ligand against the herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA polymerase, suppress Alzheimer’s disease progression by inhibiting the cytotoxicity induced by the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-activated beta-amyloid (Aβ), and attenuate the neuraminidase activity of H1N1 influenza. WS root extracts have also reduced the mortality rates and stress levels in tilapia infected with tilapia lake virus (TiLV), and stimulated antiviral nitric oxide formation in chicks infected with infectious bursal disease (IBD). With increasing evidence from previous literatures, further in vitro and in vivo investigations of WS against other viral infections may provide promising results.
Graphical Abstract
Article highlights
Withanolides have been predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins.
Withaferin A has been predicted to alter HSV DNA polymerase’s binding conformation.
Withaferin A also suppressed HIV-1 transcription and replication. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s42452-024-05845-x |
| format | Article |
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Withania somnifera
(L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) is recognized as one of the most significant herbs in the Ayurvedic system and it had been utilized in various biological actions for more than 3000 years. This review aimed to discuss the therapeutic effects and associated molecular mechanisms of
Withania
somnifera (WS) and its phytochemicals, withanolides against various viruses in preclinical and clinical settings towards developing potential inhibitors which could target virus proteins or their respective host cell receptors. WS was reported to attenuate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), serve as a potential ligand against the herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA polymerase, suppress Alzheimer’s disease progression by inhibiting the cytotoxicity induced by the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-activated beta-amyloid (Aβ), and attenuate the neuraminidase activity of H1N1 influenza. WS root extracts have also reduced the mortality rates and stress levels in tilapia infected with tilapia lake virus (TiLV), and stimulated antiviral nitric oxide formation in chicks infected with infectious bursal disease (IBD). With increasing evidence from previous literatures, further in vitro and in vivo investigations of WS against other viral infections may provide promising results.
Graphical Abstract
Article highlights
Withanolides have been predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins.
Withaferin A has been predicted to alter HSV DNA polymerase’s binding conformation.
Withaferin A also suppressed HIV-1 transcription and replication.</description><identifier>ISSN: 3004-9261</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2523-3963</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 3004-9261</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2523-3971</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s42452-024-05845-x</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Alzheimer's disease ; Amino acids ; Antiviral agents ; Applied and Technical Physics ; Biocompatibility ; Chemistry/Food Science ; Chromatography ; Conformation ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Cytotoxicity ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Disease transmission ; DNA ; DNA polymerase ; DNA viruses ; DNA-directed DNA polymerase ; Drug discovery ; Drug resistance ; Drugs ; Earth Sciences ; Engineering ; Environment ; Exo-a-sialidase ; Herpes simplex ; HIV ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Immunization ; In vivo methods and tests ; Infectious bursal disease ; Materials Science ; Molecular modelling ; Mortality ; Natural products ; Neurodegenerative diseases ; Nitric oxide ; NMR ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Pandemics ; Phytochemicals ; Proteins ; Review ; Seeds ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Solanaceae ; Taxonomy ; Tilapia ; Viral diseases ; Viruses ; Withania somnifera ; β-Amyloid</subject><ispartof>Discover Applied Sciences, 2024-04, Vol.6 (4), p.187, Article 187</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2024</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2024. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c314t-e7c145e49a3d637f26743637df07dd8a57d1255a106799b75c9a3b88072f87273</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,866,27931,27932</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ozeer, Fathima Zahraa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nagandran, Saraswathi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Yuan Seng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Ling Shing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stephen, Annatasha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Michelle Felicia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kijsomporn, Jureerat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guad, Rhanye Mac</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Batumalaie, Kalaivani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oyewusi, Habeebat Adekilekun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verma, Amita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yadav, Ekta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Afzal, Sheryar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sekar, Mahendran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fuloria, Neeraj Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fuloria, Shivkanya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarker, Md. Moklesur Rahman</creatorcontrib><title>A comprehensive review of phytochemicals of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) as antiviral therapeutics</title><title>Discover Applied Sciences</title><addtitle>Discov Appl Sci</addtitle><description>Viruses have caused millions and billions of infections and high mortality rates without successful immunization due to a lack of antiviral drugs approved for clinical use. Therefore, the discovery of novel antiviral drugs is impertinent and natural products are excellent alternative sources.
Withania somnifera
(L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) is recognized as one of the most significant herbs in the Ayurvedic system and it had been utilized in various biological actions for more than 3000 years. This review aimed to discuss the therapeutic effects and associated molecular mechanisms of
Withania
somnifera (WS) and its phytochemicals, withanolides against various viruses in preclinical and clinical settings towards developing potential inhibitors which could target virus proteins or their respective host cell receptors. WS was reported to attenuate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), serve as a potential ligand against the herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA polymerase, suppress Alzheimer’s disease progression by inhibiting the cytotoxicity induced by the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-activated beta-amyloid (Aβ), and attenuate the neuraminidase activity of H1N1 influenza. WS root extracts have also reduced the mortality rates and stress levels in tilapia infected with tilapia lake virus (TiLV), and stimulated antiviral nitric oxide formation in chicks infected with infectious bursal disease (IBD). With increasing evidence from previous literatures, further in vitro and in vivo investigations of WS against other viral infections may provide promising results.
Graphical Abstract
Article highlights
Withanolides have been predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins.
Withaferin A has been predicted to alter HSV DNA polymerase’s binding conformation.
Withaferin A also suppressed HIV-1 transcription and replication.</description><subject>Alzheimer's disease</subject><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Antiviral agents</subject><subject>Applied and Technical Physics</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Chemistry/Food Science</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Conformation</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA polymerase</subject><subject>DNA viruses</subject><subject>DNA-directed DNA polymerase</subject><subject>Drug discovery</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Exo-a-sialidase</subject><subject>Herpes simplex</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Immunization</subject><subject>In vivo methods and tests</subject><subject>Infectious bursal disease</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Molecular modelling</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Natural products</subject><subject>Neurodegenerative diseases</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>NMR</subject><subject>Nuclear magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Phytochemicals</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Solanaceae</subject><subject>Taxonomy</subject><subject>Tilapia</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>Withania somnifera</subject><subject>β-Amyloid</subject><issn>3004-9261</issn><issn>2523-3963</issn><issn>3004-9261</issn><issn>2523-3971</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kMtOwzAQRS0EEhX0B1hZYtMuUvyMk2VVnlIlFoBYWq4zIUZtEuyktH-PS5BgxWpGM-feGV2ELiiZUULUVRBMSJYQJhIiMyGT3REacUJEkrOUHv_pT9E4BLciUgjGU56PUDvHttm0Hiqog9sC9rB18ImbErfVvmtsBRtnzTocJq-uq0ztDA7NpnYleIMny9kUX_e1WePJU7M2tbFgYIpNwKbu3Nb5uOmqiLbQd86Gc3RSRjsY_9Qz9HJ787y4T5aPdw-L-TKxnIouAWWpkCByw4uUq5KlSsSPVVESVRSZkaqgTEpDSaryfKWkjeQqy4hiZaaY4mfocvBtffPRQ-j0e9P7-GfQnMQTWcpyFik2UNY3IXgodevdxvi9pkQfwtVDuDqGq7_D1bso4oMoRLh-A_9r_Y_qCwD4fL0</recordid><startdate>20240403</startdate><enddate>20240403</enddate><creator>Ozeer, Fathima Zahraa</creator><creator>Nagandran, Saraswathi</creator><creator>Wu, Yuan Seng</creator><creator>Wong, Ling Shing</creator><creator>Stephen, Annatasha</creator><creator>Lee, Michelle Felicia</creator><creator>Kijsomporn, Jureerat</creator><creator>Guad, Rhanye Mac</creator><creator>Batumalaie, Kalaivani</creator><creator>Oyewusi, Habeebat Adekilekun</creator><creator>Verma, Amita</creator><creator>Yadav, Ekta</creator><creator>Afzal, Sheryar</creator><creator>Sekar, Mahendran</creator><creator>Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan</creator><creator>Fuloria, Neeraj Kumar</creator><creator>Fuloria, Shivkanya</creator><creator>Sarker, Md. 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Dunal (Solanaceae) as antiviral therapeutics</title><author>Ozeer, Fathima Zahraa ; Nagandran, Saraswathi ; Wu, Yuan Seng ; Wong, Ling Shing ; Stephen, Annatasha ; Lee, Michelle Felicia ; Kijsomporn, Jureerat ; Guad, Rhanye Mac ; Batumalaie, Kalaivani ; Oyewusi, Habeebat Adekilekun ; Verma, Amita ; Yadav, Ekta ; Afzal, Sheryar ; Sekar, Mahendran ; Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan ; Fuloria, Neeraj Kumar ; Fuloria, Shivkanya ; Sarker, Md. Moklesur Rahman</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c314t-e7c145e49a3d637f26743637df07dd8a57d1255a106799b75c9a3b88072f87273</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Alzheimer's disease</topic><topic>Amino acids</topic><topic>Antiviral agents</topic><topic>Applied and Technical Physics</topic><topic>Biocompatibility</topic><topic>Chemistry/Food Science</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Conformation</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA polymerase</topic><topic>DNA viruses</topic><topic>DNA-directed DNA polymerase</topic><topic>Drug discovery</topic><topic>Drug resistance</topic><topic>Drugs</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Exo-a-sialidase</topic><topic>Herpes simplex</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>Immunization</topic><topic>In vivo methods and tests</topic><topic>Infectious bursal disease</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Molecular modelling</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Natural products</topic><topic>Neurodegenerative diseases</topic><topic>Nitric oxide</topic><topic>NMR</topic><topic>Nuclear magnetic resonance</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Phytochemicals</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Seeds</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Solanaceae</topic><topic>Taxonomy</topic><topic>Tilapia</topic><topic>Viral diseases</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><topic>Withania somnifera</topic><topic>β-Amyloid</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ozeer, Fathima Zahraa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nagandran, Saraswathi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Yuan Seng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Ling Shing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stephen, Annatasha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Michelle Felicia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kijsomporn, Jureerat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guad, Rhanye Mac</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Batumalaie, Kalaivani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oyewusi, Habeebat Adekilekun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verma, Amita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yadav, Ekta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Afzal, Sheryar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sekar, Mahendran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fuloria, Neeraj Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fuloria, Shivkanya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarker, Md. 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Moklesur Rahman</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A comprehensive review of phytochemicals of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) as antiviral therapeutics</atitle><jtitle>Discover Applied Sciences</jtitle><stitle>Discov Appl Sci</stitle><date>2024-04-03</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>187</spage><pages>187-</pages><artnum>187</artnum><issn>3004-9261</issn><issn>2523-3963</issn><eissn>3004-9261</eissn><eissn>2523-3971</eissn><abstract>Viruses have caused millions and billions of infections and high mortality rates without successful immunization due to a lack of antiviral drugs approved for clinical use. Therefore, the discovery of novel antiviral drugs is impertinent and natural products are excellent alternative sources.
Withania somnifera
(L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) is recognized as one of the most significant herbs in the Ayurvedic system and it had been utilized in various biological actions for more than 3000 years. This review aimed to discuss the therapeutic effects and associated molecular mechanisms of
Withania
somnifera (WS) and its phytochemicals, withanolides against various viruses in preclinical and clinical settings towards developing potential inhibitors which could target virus proteins or their respective host cell receptors. WS was reported to attenuate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), serve as a potential ligand against the herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA polymerase, suppress Alzheimer’s disease progression by inhibiting the cytotoxicity induced by the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-activated beta-amyloid (Aβ), and attenuate the neuraminidase activity of H1N1 influenza. WS root extracts have also reduced the mortality rates and stress levels in tilapia infected with tilapia lake virus (TiLV), and stimulated antiviral nitric oxide formation in chicks infected with infectious bursal disease (IBD). With increasing evidence from previous literatures, further in vitro and in vivo investigations of WS against other viral infections may provide promising results.
Graphical Abstract
Article highlights
Withanolides have been predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins.
Withaferin A has been predicted to alter HSV DNA polymerase’s binding conformation.
Withaferin A also suppressed HIV-1 transcription and replication.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><doi>10.1007/s42452-024-05845-x</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Discover Applied Sciences, 2024-04, Vol.6 (4), p.187, Article 187 |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; SpringerNature Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Springer Nature OA/Free Journals |
| subjects | Alzheimer's disease Amino acids Antiviral agents Applied and Technical Physics Biocompatibility Chemistry/Food Science Chromatography Conformation Coronaviruses COVID-19 Cytotoxicity Deoxyribonucleic acid Disease transmission DNA DNA polymerase DNA viruses DNA-directed DNA polymerase Drug discovery Drug resistance Drugs Earth Sciences Engineering Environment Exo-a-sialidase Herpes simplex HIV Human immunodeficiency virus Immunization In vivo methods and tests Infectious bursal disease Materials Science Molecular modelling Mortality Natural products Neurodegenerative diseases Nitric oxide NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Pandemics Phytochemicals Proteins Review Seeds Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Solanaceae Taxonomy Tilapia Viral diseases Viruses Withania somnifera β-Amyloid |
| title | A comprehensive review of phytochemicals of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) as antiviral therapeutics |
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