Emission source apportionment of the road dust-bound trace and major elements in Najafabad to the west of Isfahan megacity (Iran) based on multivariate receptor-oriented source models of PMF, PCFA and UNMIX
Research in the source apportionment of trace and major elements for the successful implementation of strategies in environmental management has expanded following growth trends in industrial activities, urban transportation systems, and urbanization in developing countries. This study adopted a nov...
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| description | Research in the source apportionment of trace and major elements for the successful implementation of strategies in environmental management has expanded following growth trends in industrial activities, urban transportation systems, and urbanization in developing countries. This study adopted a novel approach to identify and quantify the contribution of geogenic sources along with other potential sources. Enrichment factor (EF), principal component factor analysis (PCFA), positive matrix factorization (PMF), UNMIX receptor model, and the SPECIATE database were used for source apportionment to determine the role of twenty-four trace and major elements as pollutants in the road dust of Najafabad (Iran). The statistical analyses of the geochemical data were conducted via GraphPad Prism, version 9.0, and SPSS, version 22. According to the results, the concentration levels of all the trace and major elements, except Cd and K, were higher than the background value. The mean EF value for Ce was the highest (10.93), followed by Ba (6.09), Al (5.30), Mg (5.71), Sr (3.63), and Y (3.17), while the other elements were of minimum enrichment in the dust samples (EF |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10668-023-03149-5 |
| format | Article |
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Graphical Abstract</description><subject>Aluminum</subject><subject>Apportionment</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Dust</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Economic Geology</subject><subject>Economic Growth</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Economics</subject><subject>Environmental Management</subject><subject>Factor analysis</subject><subject>Factories</subject><subject>Heavy vehicles</subject><subject>Industrial areas</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Magnesium</subject><subject>Megacities</subject><subject>Receptors</subject><subject>Roads</subject><subject>Spatial analysis</subject><subject>Spatial variations</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Sustainable Development</subject><subject>Trace elements</subject><subject>Traffic</subject><subject>Transportation</subject><subject>Transportation systems</subject><subject>Urban transportation</subject><subject>Urbanization</subject><issn>1573-2975</issn><issn>1387-585X</issn><issn>1573-2975</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9UctKxDAULaLg8wdcBdwoGM2jTSdLGRwd8DELB9yF2ybRDtOmJqniT_pNZmYEXbnKIZxXcrLsmJILSkh5GSgRYoQJ45hwmktcbGV7tCg5ZrIstv_g3Ww_hAUhjEgm9rKv67YJoXEdCm7wtUHQ987HdNGaLiJnUXw1yDvQSA8h4soNnUbRw4qaUAsL55FZmhU9oKZDD7AAC1USRLcWf5iwNpoGC6_Qoda8QN3ET3Q69dCdoQqC0Sg1aIdlbN7BNxBTpKlNH53HzjfJOjF-CrZOm2VYGc7uJ-doNp5crZvMH-6nz4fZjoVlMEc_50E2n1w_jW_x3ePNdHx1h2tOZcSGMMGk5KYU-agSbCRyoTmnrARpR3VFS6ihyHX6Jl6whGsmiABdWmm1LRg_yE42vr13b0N6oFqkdl2KVJxQLmnBaJ5YbMOqvQvBG6t637TgPxUlarWb2uymUoxa76aKJOIbUUjk7sX4X-t_VN_CRZ1P</recordid><startdate>20240401</startdate><enddate>20240401</enddate><creator>Barjoee, Saeed Shojaee</creator><creator>Azizi, Mohammad</creator><creator>Yazdani, Moslem</creator><creator>Alikhani, Elahe</creator><creator>Khaledi, Ali</creator><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7560-3154</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240401</creationdate><title>Emission source apportionment of the road dust-bound trace and major elements in Najafabad to the west of Isfahan megacity (Iran) based on multivariate receptor-oriented source models of PMF, PCFA and UNMIX</title><author>Barjoee, Saeed Shojaee ; Azizi, Mohammad ; Yazdani, Moslem ; Alikhani, Elahe ; Khaledi, Ali</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-e0262993e7648b628646d33127a9f8cb17aca54d002352acac2606ad7f9fdf523</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Aluminum</topic><topic>Apportionment</topic><topic>Developing countries</topic><topic>Dust</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Economic Geology</topic><topic>Economic Growth</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Economics</topic><topic>Environmental Management</topic><topic>Factor analysis</topic><topic>Factories</topic><topic>Heavy vehicles</topic><topic>Industrial areas</topic><topic>LDCs</topic><topic>Magnesium</topic><topic>Megacities</topic><topic>Receptors</topic><topic>Roads</topic><topic>Spatial analysis</topic><topic>Spatial variations</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Sustainable Development</topic><topic>Trace elements</topic><topic>Traffic</topic><topic>Transportation</topic><topic>Transportation systems</topic><topic>Urban transportation</topic><topic>Urbanization</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Barjoee, Saeed Shojaee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azizi, Mohammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yazdani, Moslem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alikhani, Elahe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khaledi, Ali</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environment, development and sustainability</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Barjoee, Saeed Shojaee</au><au>Azizi, Mohammad</au><au>Yazdani, Moslem</au><au>Alikhani, Elahe</au><au>Khaledi, Ali</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Emission source apportionment of the road dust-bound trace and major elements in Najafabad to the west of Isfahan megacity (Iran) based on multivariate receptor-oriented source models of PMF, PCFA and UNMIX</atitle><jtitle>Environment, development and sustainability</jtitle><stitle>Environ Dev Sustain</stitle><date>2024-04-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>10333</spage><epage>10366</epage><pages>10333-10366</pages><issn>1573-2975</issn><issn>1387-585X</issn><eissn>1573-2975</eissn><abstract>Research in the source apportionment of trace and major elements for the successful implementation of strategies in environmental management has expanded following growth trends in industrial activities, urban transportation systems, and urbanization in developing countries. This study adopted a novel approach to identify and quantify the contribution of geogenic sources along with other potential sources. Enrichment factor (EF), principal component factor analysis (PCFA), positive matrix factorization (PMF), UNMIX receptor model, and the SPECIATE database were used for source apportionment to determine the role of twenty-four trace and major elements as pollutants in the road dust of Najafabad (Iran). The statistical analyses of the geochemical data were conducted via GraphPad Prism, version 9.0, and SPSS, version 22. According to the results, the concentration levels of all the trace and major elements, except Cd and K, were higher than the background value. The mean EF value for Ce was the highest (10.93), followed by Ba (6.09), Al (5.30), Mg (5.71), Sr (3.63), and Y (3.17), while the other elements were of minimum enrichment in the dust samples (EF < 2). The PCFA results resolved four sources with their respective contributions, namely geogenic (57%), industrial (24%), traffic (12%), and unidentified sources (6%). The PMF and UNMIX models revealed three sources with their respective contributions based on marker species: geogenic (80 and 94%), traffic (13 and 5%), and industrial (1 and 7%). The spatial variation analysis of source contribution by UNMIX and PMF revealed that the contribution of industrial and traffic sources corresponded to the substantial activity of factories and transport by light and heavy vehicles in the study area. Overall, the EF results were in agreement with 43% of the PCFA results, 33% of the UNMIX results, and 23% of the PMF results. The study concluded that the PMF model gave acceptable results, but those of EF, PCFA, and UNMIX were unsatisfactory.
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| subjects | Aluminum Apportionment Developing countries Dust Earth and Environmental Science Ecology Economic Geology Economic Growth Environment Environmental Economics Environmental Management Factor analysis Factories Heavy vehicles Industrial areas LDCs Magnesium Megacities Receptors Roads Spatial analysis Spatial variations Statistical analysis Sustainable Development Trace elements Traffic Transportation Transportation systems Urban transportation Urbanization |
| title | Emission source apportionment of the road dust-bound trace and major elements in Najafabad to the west of Isfahan megacity (Iran) based on multivariate receptor-oriented source models of PMF, PCFA and UNMIX |
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