2‐D Total Electron Content and 3‐D Ionospheric Electron Density Variations During the 14 October 2023 Annular Solar Eclipse
This study investigates the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) responses in the 2‐D spatial domain and electron density variations in the 3‐D spatial domain during the annular solar eclipse on 14 October 2023, using ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations, a novel T...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of geophysical research. Space physics 2024-03, Vol.129 (3), p.n/a |
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| creator | Aa, Ercha Coster, Anthea J. Zhang, Shun‐Rong Vierinen, Juha Erickson, Philip J. Goncharenko, Larisa P. Rideout, William |
| description | This study investigates the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) responses in the 2‐D spatial domain and electron density variations in the 3‐D spatial domain during the annular solar eclipse on 14 October 2023, using ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations, a novel TEC‐based ionospheric data assimilation system (TIDAS), ionosonde measurements, and satellite in situ data. The main results are summarized as follows: (a) The 2‐D TEC responses exhibited distinct latitudinal differences. The mid‐latitude ionosphere exhibited a more substantial TEC decrease of 25%–40% along with an extended recovery time of 3–4 hr. In contrast, the equatorial and low‐latitude ionosphere experienced a smaller TEC reduction of 10%–25% and a faster recovery time of 20–50 min. The minimal eclipse effect was observed near the northern equatorial ionization anomaly crest region. (b) The ionospheric electron density variations during the eclipse were effectively reconstructed by TIDAS data assimilation in the 3‐D domain, providing important altitude information with validity. (c) The ionospheric electron density variations showed a notable altitude‐dependent feature. The eclipse led to a substantial electron density reduction of 30%–50%, with the maximum depletion occurring around the ionospheric F2‐layer peak height (hmF2) of 250–350 km. The post‐eclipse recovery of electron density exhibited a relatively slower pace near the F2‐layer peak height than that at lower and higher altitudes.
Plain Language Summary
On 14 October 2023, the Great American annular solar eclipse traversed North, Central, and South America with dense observational network in place, presenting a valuable opportunity for exploring the eclipse‐induced ionospheric responses from mid‐latitude to equatorial regions. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the 2‐D ionospheric TEC and 3‐D electron density responses during the eclipse, utilizing dense ground‐based GNSS observations, a new TEC‐based ionospheric data assimilation system (TIDAS), and ionosonde and satellite data sets. The TIDAS data assimilation system provides accurate and reliable regional ionospheric electron density reconstruction, which can effectively reproduce the electron density variations during the eclipse in the 3‐D domain with important altitude information and high‐fidelity details. This multi‐instrumental and data assimilation study highlights the latitudinal and altitudinal dependencies of the eclipse |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2024JA032447 |
| format | Article |
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Plain Language Summary
On 14 October 2023, the Great American annular solar eclipse traversed North, Central, and South America with dense observational network in place, presenting a valuable opportunity for exploring the eclipse‐induced ionospheric responses from mid‐latitude to equatorial regions. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the 2‐D ionospheric TEC and 3‐D electron density responses during the eclipse, utilizing dense ground‐based GNSS observations, a new TEC‐based ionospheric data assimilation system (TIDAS), and ionosonde and satellite data sets. The TIDAS data assimilation system provides accurate and reliable regional ionospheric electron density reconstruction, which can effectively reproduce the electron density variations during the eclipse in the 3‐D domain with important altitude information and high‐fidelity details. This multi‐instrumental and data assimilation study highlights the latitudinal and altitudinal dependencies of the eclipse‐induced ionospheric responses, advancing the current understanding of how a solar eclipse event impacts the ionosphere.
Key Points
The TEC response showed latitudinal variances, with a 25%–40% decrease in midlatitudes but only a 10%–25% reduction in the equatorial region
The Ne response showed altitudinal dependencies, with a larger depletion and a slower recovery near the F2 peak height than below and above
The NmF2 exhibited a 30%–50% reduction, and the hmF2 exhibited a 20–30 km decrease in the recovery phase after the maximum obscuration</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-9380</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-9402</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2024JA032447</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Altitude ; Data assimilation ; Data collection ; Electron density ; Electrons ; Equatorial ionization anomaly ; Equatorial regions ; F 2 region ; Global navigation satellite system ; Ground-based observation ; Ionization ; Ionosondes ; Ionosphere ; Ionospheric electron content ; Ionospheric electron density ; Ionospheric electrons ; ionospheric response ; Latitude ; Navigation satellites ; Navigation systems ; Recovery time ; Reduction ; Satellite data ; Satellite observation ; Satellites ; solar eclipse ; Solar eclipses ; Total Electron Content</subject><ispartof>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics, 2024-03, Vol.129 (3), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>2024. The Authors.</rights><rights>2024. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3450-10d183f6b477bde749f125b15c88e90ecde3c8c847c618e33c8b5a481b29d5bb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3450-10d183f6b477bde749f125b15c88e90ecde3c8c847c618e33c8b5a481b29d5bb3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5228-4119 ; 0000-0002-0031-9324 ; 0000-0001-9031-7439 ; 0000-0001-7651-708X ; 0000-0002-1946-3166</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2024JA032447$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2024JA032447$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,1412,27905,27906,45555,45556</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Aa, Ercha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coster, Anthea J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Shun‐Rong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vierinen, Juha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erickson, Philip J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goncharenko, Larisa P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rideout, William</creatorcontrib><title>2‐D Total Electron Content and 3‐D Ionospheric Electron Density Variations During the 14 October 2023 Annular Solar Eclipse</title><title>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics</title><description>This study investigates the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) responses in the 2‐D spatial domain and electron density variations in the 3‐D spatial domain during the annular solar eclipse on 14 October 2023, using ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations, a novel TEC‐based ionospheric data assimilation system (TIDAS), ionosonde measurements, and satellite in situ data. The main results are summarized as follows: (a) The 2‐D TEC responses exhibited distinct latitudinal differences. The mid‐latitude ionosphere exhibited a more substantial TEC decrease of 25%–40% along with an extended recovery time of 3–4 hr. In contrast, the equatorial and low‐latitude ionosphere experienced a smaller TEC reduction of 10%–25% and a faster recovery time of 20–50 min. The minimal eclipse effect was observed near the northern equatorial ionization anomaly crest region. (b) The ionospheric electron density variations during the eclipse were effectively reconstructed by TIDAS data assimilation in the 3‐D domain, providing important altitude information with validity. (c) The ionospheric electron density variations showed a notable altitude‐dependent feature. The eclipse led to a substantial electron density reduction of 30%–50%, with the maximum depletion occurring around the ionospheric F2‐layer peak height (hmF2) of 250–350 km. The post‐eclipse recovery of electron density exhibited a relatively slower pace near the F2‐layer peak height than that at lower and higher altitudes.
Plain Language Summary
On 14 October 2023, the Great American annular solar eclipse traversed North, Central, and South America with dense observational network in place, presenting a valuable opportunity for exploring the eclipse‐induced ionospheric responses from mid‐latitude to equatorial regions. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the 2‐D ionospheric TEC and 3‐D electron density responses during the eclipse, utilizing dense ground‐based GNSS observations, a new TEC‐based ionospheric data assimilation system (TIDAS), and ionosonde and satellite data sets. The TIDAS data assimilation system provides accurate and reliable regional ionospheric electron density reconstruction, which can effectively reproduce the electron density variations during the eclipse in the 3‐D domain with important altitude information and high‐fidelity details. This multi‐instrumental and data assimilation study highlights the latitudinal and altitudinal dependencies of the eclipse‐induced ionospheric responses, advancing the current understanding of how a solar eclipse event impacts the ionosphere.
Key Points
The TEC response showed latitudinal variances, with a 25%–40% decrease in midlatitudes but only a 10%–25% reduction in the equatorial region
The Ne response showed altitudinal dependencies, with a larger depletion and a slower recovery near the F2 peak height than below and above
The NmF2 exhibited a 30%–50% reduction, and the hmF2 exhibited a 20–30 km decrease in the recovery phase after the maximum obscuration</description><subject>Altitude</subject><subject>Data assimilation</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Electron density</subject><subject>Electrons</subject><subject>Equatorial ionization anomaly</subject><subject>Equatorial regions</subject><subject>F 2 region</subject><subject>Global navigation satellite system</subject><subject>Ground-based observation</subject><subject>Ionization</subject><subject>Ionosondes</subject><subject>Ionosphere</subject><subject>Ionospheric electron content</subject><subject>Ionospheric electron density</subject><subject>Ionospheric electrons</subject><subject>ionospheric response</subject><subject>Latitude</subject><subject>Navigation satellites</subject><subject>Navigation systems</subject><subject>Recovery time</subject><subject>Reduction</subject><subject>Satellite data</subject><subject>Satellite observation</subject><subject>Satellites</subject><subject>solar eclipse</subject><subject>Solar eclipses</subject><subject>Total Electron Content</subject><issn>2169-9380</issn><issn>2169-9402</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kMtKw0AUhoMoWLQ7H2DArdG5pZlZhrbWlkJBq9uQTE7slDgTZ6ZIV_oIPqNPYmoVXXkW58bHfw5_FJ0RfEkwlVcUUz7LMKOcpwdRj5KBjCXH9PCnZwIfR33v17gL0a1I0ote6cfb-wgtbSgaNG5ABWcNGloTwARUmAqxL2BqjfXtCpxWv9gIjNdhix4Kp4ugrfFotHHaPKKwAkQ4WqhgS3Co-42hzJhNUzh0Z3d5rBrdejiNjuqi8dD_rifR_fV4ObyJ54vJdJjNY8V4gmOCKyJYPSh5mpYVpFzWhCYlSZQQIDGoCpgSSvBUDYgA1g1lUnBBSiqrpCzZSXS-122dfd6AD_nabpzpTuZUirQzkGDZURd7SjnrvYM6b51-Ktw2JzjfuZz_dbnD2R5_0Q1s_2Xz2eQ2SwRLMPsEOr197Q</recordid><startdate>202403</startdate><enddate>202403</enddate><creator>Aa, Ercha</creator><creator>Coster, Anthea J.</creator><creator>Zhang, Shun‐Rong</creator><creator>Vierinen, Juha</creator><creator>Erickson, Philip J.</creator><creator>Goncharenko, Larisa P.</creator><creator>Rideout, William</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5228-4119</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0031-9324</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9031-7439</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7651-708X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1946-3166</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202403</creationdate><title>2‐D Total Electron Content and 3‐D Ionospheric Electron Density Variations During the 14 October 2023 Annular Solar Eclipse</title><author>Aa, Ercha ; Coster, Anthea J. ; Zhang, Shun‐Rong ; Vierinen, Juha ; Erickson, Philip J. ; Goncharenko, Larisa P. ; Rideout, William</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3450-10d183f6b477bde749f125b15c88e90ecde3c8c847c618e33c8b5a481b29d5bb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Altitude</topic><topic>Data assimilation</topic><topic>Data collection</topic><topic>Electron density</topic><topic>Electrons</topic><topic>Equatorial ionization anomaly</topic><topic>Equatorial regions</topic><topic>F 2 region</topic><topic>Global navigation satellite system</topic><topic>Ground-based observation</topic><topic>Ionization</topic><topic>Ionosondes</topic><topic>Ionosphere</topic><topic>Ionospheric electron content</topic><topic>Ionospheric electron density</topic><topic>Ionospheric electrons</topic><topic>ionospheric response</topic><topic>Latitude</topic><topic>Navigation satellites</topic><topic>Navigation systems</topic><topic>Recovery time</topic><topic>Reduction</topic><topic>Satellite data</topic><topic>Satellite observation</topic><topic>Satellites</topic><topic>solar eclipse</topic><topic>Solar eclipses</topic><topic>Total Electron Content</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Aa, Ercha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coster, Anthea J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Shun‐Rong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vierinen, Juha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erickson, Philip J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goncharenko, Larisa P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rideout, William</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>Wiley Online Library Free Content</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Aa, Ercha</au><au>Coster, Anthea J.</au><au>Zhang, Shun‐Rong</au><au>Vierinen, Juha</au><au>Erickson, Philip J.</au><au>Goncharenko, Larisa P.</au><au>Rideout, William</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>2‐D Total Electron Content and 3‐D Ionospheric Electron Density Variations During the 14 October 2023 Annular Solar Eclipse</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics</jtitle><date>2024-03</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>129</volume><issue>3</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>2169-9380</issn><eissn>2169-9402</eissn><abstract>This study investigates the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) responses in the 2‐D spatial domain and electron density variations in the 3‐D spatial domain during the annular solar eclipse on 14 October 2023, using ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations, a novel TEC‐based ionospheric data assimilation system (TIDAS), ionosonde measurements, and satellite in situ data. The main results are summarized as follows: (a) The 2‐D TEC responses exhibited distinct latitudinal differences. The mid‐latitude ionosphere exhibited a more substantial TEC decrease of 25%–40% along with an extended recovery time of 3–4 hr. In contrast, the equatorial and low‐latitude ionosphere experienced a smaller TEC reduction of 10%–25% and a faster recovery time of 20–50 min. The minimal eclipse effect was observed near the northern equatorial ionization anomaly crest region. (b) The ionospheric electron density variations during the eclipse were effectively reconstructed by TIDAS data assimilation in the 3‐D domain, providing important altitude information with validity. (c) The ionospheric electron density variations showed a notable altitude‐dependent feature. The eclipse led to a substantial electron density reduction of 30%–50%, with the maximum depletion occurring around the ionospheric F2‐layer peak height (hmF2) of 250–350 km. The post‐eclipse recovery of electron density exhibited a relatively slower pace near the F2‐layer peak height than that at lower and higher altitudes.
Plain Language Summary
On 14 October 2023, the Great American annular solar eclipse traversed North, Central, and South America with dense observational network in place, presenting a valuable opportunity for exploring the eclipse‐induced ionospheric responses from mid‐latitude to equatorial regions. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the 2‐D ionospheric TEC and 3‐D electron density responses during the eclipse, utilizing dense ground‐based GNSS observations, a new TEC‐based ionospheric data assimilation system (TIDAS), and ionosonde and satellite data sets. The TIDAS data assimilation system provides accurate and reliable regional ionospheric electron density reconstruction, which can effectively reproduce the electron density variations during the eclipse in the 3‐D domain with important altitude information and high‐fidelity details. This multi‐instrumental and data assimilation study highlights the latitudinal and altitudinal dependencies of the eclipse‐induced ionospheric responses, advancing the current understanding of how a solar eclipse event impacts the ionosphere.
Key Points
The TEC response showed latitudinal variances, with a 25%–40% decrease in midlatitudes but only a 10%–25% reduction in the equatorial region
The Ne response showed altitudinal dependencies, with a larger depletion and a slower recovery near the F2 peak height than below and above
The NmF2 exhibited a 30%–50% reduction, and the hmF2 exhibited a 20–30 km decrease in the recovery phase after the maximum obscuration</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1029/2024JA032447</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5228-4119</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0031-9324</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9031-7439</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7651-708X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1946-3166</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Altitude Data assimilation Data collection Electron density Electrons Equatorial ionization anomaly Equatorial regions F 2 region Global navigation satellite system Ground-based observation Ionization Ionosondes Ionosphere Ionospheric electron content Ionospheric electron density Ionospheric electrons ionospheric response Latitude Navigation satellites Navigation systems Recovery time Reduction Satellite data Satellite observation Satellites solar eclipse Solar eclipses Total Electron Content |
| title | 2‐D Total Electron Content and 3‐D Ionospheric Electron Density Variations During the 14 October 2023 Annular Solar Eclipse |
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