CD31 expression in human primary teeth treated with photobiomodulation therapy

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on CD31 expression in pulp tissue repair of human primary teeth. Materials and methods Fifteen mandibular primary molars were divided into the following groups: GI—calcium hydroxide (CH), GII—PBM + CH, and GIII—PBM + zinc oxide/eugenol (ZOE). In the GII and GII groups, an indium–gallium–aluminum phosphide ( InGaAlP ) diode laser was used for the irradiation through 320-μm diameter optical fiber in contact with pulp tissue. The red laser diode parameters were set at 660-nm wavelength, 10-mW power output, 2.5-J/cm 2 energy density, 50–60-Hz frequency, output beam area of 0.04 cm 2 , and irradiation time of 10 s in continuous mode. After pulpotomy treatment, clinical and radiographic follow-ups were accomplished until the teeth achieved regular exfoliation period. Teeth were extracted for histological analysis and immunolocalization of CD31. Histopathological statistical analyses were performed by Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn test to determine statistically significant differences ( p