Factors Influencing the Direct Electrochemical Reduction of Nb2O5 Pellets to Nb Metal in Molten Chloride Salts
Powder compacted and sintered Nb205 pellets were cathodically polarised against graphite anode in calcium chloride melt at 1173 K to study the influence of various factors on the electrochemical reduction of the oxide. The parameters were; duration and temperature of electrolysis, open porosity of p...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Acta metallurgica sinica : English letters 2017-03, Vol.30 (3), p.218-227 |
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| creator | Sri Maha Vishnu, D. Sanil, N. Mohandas, K. S. Nagarajan, K. |
| description | Powder compacted and sintered Nb205 pellets were cathodically polarised against graphite anode in calcium chloride melt at 1173 K to study the influence of various factors on the electrochemical reduction of the oxide. The parameters were; duration and temperature of electrolysis, open porosity of pellets, nature of anode, mode of electrolysis and configuration of the oxide cathode. The experiments were also conducted in KC1, KC1-25 tool% CaC12 and NaC1 melts to understand the effect of melt composition on the electroreduction. Different Ca-Nb-O and Nb-O intermediates were found in the pellets electrolysed for different durations of time in CaC12 melt which eventually reduced to Nb. The current efficiency of the process decreased with increasing duration of electrolysis. Decrease in electrolysis temperature from 1 173 to 1073 K led to the decrease in the rate of reduction of the oxide pellets. Pellets with high open porosity reduced faster. Carbon contamination of the melt was relatively less when pyrolytic graphite was used as anode. Of all the melts studied, the reduction was found to be better in calcium chloride melt, that too when alumina crucible was used as container of the melt. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s40195-016-0503-1 |
| format | Article |
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S. ; Nagarajan, K.</creator><creatorcontrib>Sri Maha Vishnu, D. ; Sanil, N. ; Mohandas, K. S. ; Nagarajan, K.</creatorcontrib><description>Powder compacted and sintered Nb205 pellets were cathodically polarised against graphite anode in calcium chloride melt at 1173 K to study the influence of various factors on the electrochemical reduction of the oxide. The parameters were; duration and temperature of electrolysis, open porosity of pellets, nature of anode, mode of electrolysis and configuration of the oxide cathode. The experiments were also conducted in KC1, KC1-25 tool% CaC12 and NaC1 melts to understand the effect of melt composition on the electroreduction. Different Ca-Nb-O and Nb-O intermediates were found in the pellets electrolysed for different durations of time in CaC12 melt which eventually reduced to Nb. The current efficiency of the process decreased with increasing duration of electrolysis. Decrease in electrolysis temperature from 1 173 to 1073 K led to the decrease in the rate of reduction of the oxide pellets. Pellets with high open porosity reduced faster. Carbon contamination of the melt was relatively less when pyrolytic graphite was used as anode. 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S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nagarajan, K.</creatorcontrib><title>Factors Influencing the Direct Electrochemical Reduction of Nb2O5 Pellets to Nb Metal in Molten Chloride Salts</title><title>Acta metallurgica sinica : English letters</title><addtitle>Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.)</addtitle><addtitle>Acta Metallurgica Sinica（English Letters）</addtitle><description>Powder compacted and sintered Nb205 pellets were cathodically polarised against graphite anode in calcium chloride melt at 1173 K to study the influence of various factors on the electrochemical reduction of the oxide. The parameters were; duration and temperature of electrolysis, open porosity of pellets, nature of anode, mode of electrolysis and configuration of the oxide cathode. The experiments were also conducted in KC1, KC1-25 tool% CaC12 and NaC1 melts to understand the effect of melt composition on the electroreduction. Different Ca-Nb-O and Nb-O intermediates were found in the pellets electrolysed for different durations of time in CaC12 melt which eventually reduced to Nb. The current efficiency of the process decreased with increasing duration of electrolysis. Decrease in electrolysis temperature from 1 173 to 1073 K led to the decrease in the rate of reduction of the oxide pellets. Pellets with high open porosity reduced faster. Carbon contamination of the melt was relatively less when pyrolytic graphite was used as anode. Of all the melts studied, the reduction was found to be better in calcium chloride melt, that too when alumina crucible was used as container of the melt.</description><subject>Calcium chloride</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemical reduction</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Corrosion and Coatings</subject><subject>Current efficiency</subject><subject>Efficiency</subject><subject>Electrodes</subject><subject>Electrolysis</subject><subject>Electrolytes</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Graphite</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Melts</subject><subject>Metallic Materials</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Niobium oxides</subject><subject>Organometallic Chemistry</subject><subject>Pellets</subject><subject>Porosity</subject><subject>Potassium chloride</subject><subject>Pyrolytic graphite</subject><subject>Sintering (powder metallurgy)</subject><subject>Spectroscopy/Spectrometry</subject><subject>Tribology</subject><issn>1006-7191</issn><issn>2194-1289</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9UE1PAyEQJUYTa_UHeCN6XmVg2V2Oplo18St-nAnLQrsNggI9-O_FtNGbc5jJTN6bN_MQOgZyBoS056kmIHhFoKkIJ6yCHTShIOoKaCd20aSAmqoFAfvoIKVV6WjN2wnyc6VziAnfeuvWxuvRL3BeGnw5RqMzvnIlx6CX5n3UyuFnM6x1HoPHweKHnj5y_GScMznhHMoA35tcYKPH98Fl4_Fs6UIcB4NflMvpEO1Z5ZI52tYpeptfvc5uqrvH69vZxV2layJyVTMrlNAKWPnN1EPPG24bwbTtQUNnqOBt34uaAm0UtYNmbKDcdpzRriatYlN0utn7EcPn2qQsV2EdfZGUVDDKmo6VmCLYoHQMKUVj5Ucc31X8kkDkj61yY6sstsofWyUUDt1wUsH6hYl_m_8jnWyFlsEvPgvvV6lpoW0JLQd9A7lzhNI</recordid><startdate>20170301</startdate><enddate>20170301</enddate><creator>Sri Maha Vishnu, D.</creator><creator>Sanil, N.</creator><creator>Mohandas, K. 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S.</au><au>Nagarajan, K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Factors Influencing the Direct Electrochemical Reduction of Nb2O5 Pellets to Nb Metal in Molten Chloride Salts</atitle><jtitle>Acta metallurgica sinica : English letters</jtitle><stitle>Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.)</stitle><addtitle>Acta Metallurgica Sinica（English Letters）</addtitle><date>2017-03-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>218</spage><epage>227</epage><pages>218-227</pages><issn>1006-7191</issn><eissn>2194-1289</eissn><abstract>Powder compacted and sintered Nb205 pellets were cathodically polarised against graphite anode in calcium chloride melt at 1173 K to study the influence of various factors on the electrochemical reduction of the oxide. The parameters were; duration and temperature of electrolysis, open porosity of pellets, nature of anode, mode of electrolysis and configuration of the oxide cathode. The experiments were also conducted in KC1, KC1-25 tool% CaC12 and NaC1 melts to understand the effect of melt composition on the electroreduction. Different Ca-Nb-O and Nb-O intermediates were found in the pellets electrolysed for different durations of time in CaC12 melt which eventually reduced to Nb. The current efficiency of the process decreased with increasing duration of electrolysis. Decrease in electrolysis temperature from 1 173 to 1073 K led to the decrease in the rate of reduction of the oxide pellets. Pellets with high open porosity reduced faster. Carbon contamination of the melt was relatively less when pyrolytic graphite was used as anode. Of all the melts studied, the reduction was found to be better in calcium chloride melt, that too when alumina crucible was used as container of the melt.</abstract><cop>Beijing</cop><pub>The Chinese Society for Metals</pub><doi>10.1007/s40195-016-0503-1</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Calcium chloride Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemical reduction Chemistry and Materials Science Corrosion and Coatings Current efficiency Efficiency Electrodes Electrolysis Electrolytes Experiments Graphite Laboratories Materials Science Melts Metallic Materials Metals Nanotechnology Niobium oxides Organometallic Chemistry Pellets Porosity Potassium chloride Pyrolytic graphite Sintering (powder metallurgy) Spectroscopy/Spectrometry Tribology |
| title | Factors Influencing the Direct Electrochemical Reduction of Nb2O5 Pellets to Nb Metal in Molten Chloride Salts |
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