Iron-Bearing Minerals in the Boda Claystone Formation: Correspondences with Stages of Evolution Revealed by Mössbauer Spectroscopy
The Boda Claystone Formation (BCF) is an extended sedimentary sequence formed in a shallow-water salt lake under semi-arid to arid climatic conditions during the middle Permian period. The rock was formed predominantly from denuded and altered products of three primary felsic sources, the Mórágy Met...
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description | The Boda Claystone Formation (BCF) is an extended sedimentary sequence formed in a shallow-water salt lake under semi-arid to arid climatic conditions during the middle Permian period. The rock was formed predominantly from denuded and altered products of three primary felsic sources, the Mórágy Metagranite Complex, the Baksa Metamorphic Complex and the rhyolitic Gyűrűfű Formation, resulting in the recent dominant sheet silicate components, illite and chlorite. BCF has been considered a potential host rock for high-level nuclear waste, too. Thus, it has been characterized by several powerful methods so far (X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), etc.). 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy may provide a unique additional tool to study iron-bearing minerals. Iron is dominantly present in a ferrous form in minerals of the fresh parent rocks (in the biotite group and amphibole), and in a ferric oxide, hematite, in altered Gyűrűfű Formation. During transformations of biotite group minerals and amphibole, the partial release of ferrous iron or its conversion to ferric form takes place with the stabilization of recent illite and chlorite, while the original layered structure is still preserved. Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed the dominant presence of ferrous iron located in cis-M2 octahedral sites both in parent biotite group minerals and in the final illite, as well as chlorite in both stages. The proportion of ferrous iron in biotite group minerals was halved during the stages of evolution by conversion to ferric iron still in sheet silicate illite or by segregation into separate hematite inclusions. The transformation process of biotite group minerals and amphibole of the source rocks is connected only to the iron-bearing smaller fraction of sheet silicates in the BCF clay mineral assemblage. Determination of Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios in sheet silicates was also pertinent in two sections of BCF. Namely, in samples from the Gorica region, Fe3+ was dominant, siting in illite, whereas Fe2+ was also present in significant portions in chlorite in samples from the Western Mecsek Anticline. The interpretation is deduced in correspondence with results of extended XRD, and high-resolution TEM studies. |
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The rock was formed predominantly from denuded and altered products of three primary felsic sources, the Mórágy Metagranite Complex, the Baksa Metamorphic Complex and the rhyolitic Gyűrűfű Formation, resulting in the recent dominant sheet silicate components, illite and chlorite. BCF has been considered a potential host rock for high-level nuclear waste, too. Thus, it has been characterized by several powerful methods so far (X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), etc.). 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy may provide a unique additional tool to study iron-bearing minerals. Iron is dominantly present in a ferrous form in minerals of the fresh parent rocks (in the biotite group and amphibole), and in a ferric oxide, hematite, in altered Gyűrűfű Formation. During transformations of biotite group minerals and amphibole, the partial release of ferrous iron or its conversion to ferric form takes place with the stabilization of recent illite and chlorite, while the original layered structure is still preserved. Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed the dominant presence of ferrous iron located in cis-M2 octahedral sites both in parent biotite group minerals and in the final illite, as well as chlorite in both stages. The proportion of ferrous iron in biotite group minerals was halved during the stages of evolution by conversion to ferric iron still in sheet silicate illite or by segregation into separate hematite inclusions. The transformation process of biotite group minerals and amphibole of the source rocks is connected only to the iron-bearing smaller fraction of sheet silicates in the BCF clay mineral assemblage. Determination of Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios in sheet silicates was also pertinent in two sections of BCF. Namely, in samples from the Gorica region, Fe3+ was dominant, siting in illite, whereas Fe2+ was also present in significant portions in chlorite in samples from the Western Mecsek Anticline. The interpretation is deduced in correspondence with results of extended XRD, and high-resolution TEM studies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2075-163X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2075-163X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/min14020196</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Amphiboles ; Analysis ; Analytical methods ; Anticlines ; Aridity ; Biotite ; Chlorite ; Clay ; Clay minerals ; Climatic conditions ; Electron microscopy ; Evolution ; Ferric oxide ; Haematite ; Hematite ; Illite ; Illites ; Inclusions ; Iron ; Mineral assemblages ; Minerals ; Mossbauer spectroscopy ; Permian ; Radioactive wastes ; Rock ; Rocks ; Salt lakes ; Sediments ; Segregation ; Shallow water ; Silica ; Silicates ; Spectroscopy ; Spectrum analysis ; Transmission electron microscopy ; X-ray diffraction</subject><ispartof>Minerals (Basel), 2024-02, Vol.14 (2), p.196</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-e1036bd9d366bfbff2e65fe1bb97139e323f8905ef70dea5ec63acc11ff6f5053</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lázár, Károly</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Máthé, Zoltán</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Németh, Tibor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kovács-Kis, Viktória</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stichleutner, Sándor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kovács, Ivett</creatorcontrib><title>Iron-Bearing Minerals in the Boda Claystone Formation: Correspondences with Stages of Evolution Revealed by Mössbauer Spectroscopy</title><title>Minerals (Basel)</title><description>The Boda Claystone Formation (BCF) is an extended sedimentary sequence formed in a shallow-water salt lake under semi-arid to arid climatic conditions during the middle Permian period. The rock was formed predominantly from denuded and altered products of three primary felsic sources, the Mórágy Metagranite Complex, the Baksa Metamorphic Complex and the rhyolitic Gyűrűfű Formation, resulting in the recent dominant sheet silicate components, illite and chlorite. BCF has been considered a potential host rock for high-level nuclear waste, too. Thus, it has been characterized by several powerful methods so far (X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), etc.). 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy may provide a unique additional tool to study iron-bearing minerals. Iron is dominantly present in a ferrous form in minerals of the fresh parent rocks (in the biotite group and amphibole), and in a ferric oxide, hematite, in altered Gyűrűfű Formation. During transformations of biotite group minerals and amphibole, the partial release of ferrous iron or its conversion to ferric form takes place with the stabilization of recent illite and chlorite, while the original layered structure is still preserved. Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed the dominant presence of ferrous iron located in cis-M2 octahedral sites both in parent biotite group minerals and in the final illite, as well as chlorite in both stages. The proportion of ferrous iron in biotite group minerals was halved during the stages of evolution by conversion to ferric iron still in sheet silicate illite or by segregation into separate hematite inclusions. The transformation process of biotite group minerals and amphibole of the source rocks is connected only to the iron-bearing smaller fraction of sheet silicates in the BCF clay mineral assemblage. Determination of Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios in sheet silicates was also pertinent in two sections of BCF. Namely, in samples from the Gorica region, Fe3+ was dominant, siting in illite, whereas Fe2+ was also present in significant portions in chlorite in samples from the Western Mecsek Anticline. The interpretation is deduced in correspondence with results of extended XRD, and high-resolution TEM studies.</description><subject>Amphiboles</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Analytical methods</subject><subject>Anticlines</subject><subject>Aridity</subject><subject>Biotite</subject><subject>Chlorite</subject><subject>Clay</subject><subject>Clay minerals</subject><subject>Climatic conditions</subject><subject>Electron microscopy</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Ferric oxide</subject><subject>Haematite</subject><subject>Hematite</subject><subject>Illite</subject><subject>Illites</subject><subject>Inclusions</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Mineral assemblages</subject><subject>Minerals</subject><subject>Mossbauer spectroscopy</subject><subject>Permian</subject><subject>Radioactive wastes</subject><subject>Rock</subject><subject>Rocks</subject><subject>Salt lakes</subject><subject>Sediments</subject><subject>Segregation</subject><subject>Shallow 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(Basel)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lázár, Károly</au><au>Máthé, Zoltán</au><au>Németh, Tibor</au><au>Kovács-Kis, Viktória</au><au>Stichleutner, Sándor</au><au>Kovács, Ivett</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Iron-Bearing Minerals in the Boda Claystone Formation: Correspondences with Stages of Evolution Revealed by Mössbauer Spectroscopy</atitle><jtitle>Minerals (Basel)</jtitle><date>2024-02-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>196</spage><pages>196-</pages><issn>2075-163X</issn><eissn>2075-163X</eissn><abstract>The Boda Claystone Formation (BCF) is an extended sedimentary sequence formed in a shallow-water salt lake under semi-arid to arid climatic conditions during the middle Permian period. The rock was formed predominantly from denuded and altered products of three primary felsic sources, the Mórágy Metagranite Complex, the Baksa Metamorphic Complex and the rhyolitic Gyűrűfű Formation, resulting in the recent dominant sheet silicate components, illite and chlorite. BCF has been considered a potential host rock for high-level nuclear waste, too. Thus, it has been characterized by several powerful methods so far (X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), etc.). 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy may provide a unique additional tool to study iron-bearing minerals. Iron is dominantly present in a ferrous form in minerals of the fresh parent rocks (in the biotite group and amphibole), and in a ferric oxide, hematite, in altered Gyűrűfű Formation. During transformations of biotite group minerals and amphibole, the partial release of ferrous iron or its conversion to ferric form takes place with the stabilization of recent illite and chlorite, while the original layered structure is still preserved. Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed the dominant presence of ferrous iron located in cis-M2 octahedral sites both in parent biotite group minerals and in the final illite, as well as chlorite in both stages. The proportion of ferrous iron in biotite group minerals was halved during the stages of evolution by conversion to ferric iron still in sheet silicate illite or by segregation into separate hematite inclusions. The transformation process of biotite group minerals and amphibole of the source rocks is connected only to the iron-bearing smaller fraction of sheet silicates in the BCF clay mineral assemblage. Determination of Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios in sheet silicates was also pertinent in two sections of BCF. Namely, in samples from the Gorica region, Fe3+ was dominant, siting in illite, whereas Fe2+ was also present in significant portions in chlorite in samples from the Western Mecsek Anticline. The interpretation is deduced in correspondence with results of extended XRD, and high-resolution TEM studies.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/min14020196</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Amphiboles Analysis Analytical methods Anticlines Aridity Biotite Chlorite Clay Clay minerals Climatic conditions Electron microscopy Evolution Ferric oxide Haematite Hematite Illite Illites Inclusions Iron Mineral assemblages Minerals Mossbauer spectroscopy Permian Radioactive wastes Rock Rocks Salt lakes Sediments Segregation Shallow water Silica Silicates Spectroscopy Spectrum analysis Transmission electron microscopy X-ray diffraction |
title | Iron-Bearing Minerals in the Boda Claystone Formation: Correspondences with Stages of Evolution Revealed by Mössbauer Spectroscopy |
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