Alluvial placer garnet deposits of Vaippar basin, southern Tamil Nadu, India: Origin, distribution, geomorphological control and resource evaluation
The occurrence of workable beach placer deposits of garnet and ilmenite along the coastal region of southern Tamil Nadu is known for long. Though the adjoining rivers like Kallar, Vaippar and Vembar are generally thought to be the major contributors of placer minerals, especially garnet, to their re...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of Earth System Science 2022-06, Vol.131 (2), p.76, Article 76 |
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| creator | Udayaganesan, P Gujar, Anup R Dhinesh, S Iyer, Sridhar D |
| description | The occurrence of workable beach placer deposits of garnet and ilmenite along the coastal region of southern Tamil Nadu is known for long. Though the adjoining rivers like Kallar, Vaippar and Vembar are generally thought to be the major contributors of placer minerals, especially garnet, to their respective beaches, none of the river basins has yet been explored. The present paper discusses the distribution, resource potential and geomorphic controls of garnet placer in the Vaippar basin using ArcGIS. Analysis of sediment samples collected from the Vaippar River and its tributaries shows that the concentration of garnet is up to 20 wt.% and predominantly localized in river alluvium, coastal alluvium and pediment. A distribution map of garnet for the entire basin (5508 km
2
) portrays three zones of enrichment: zone I: 0.06–1.0 million tonnes (Mt); zone II: 1.0–1.1 Mt; zone III: 1.1–1.21 Mt. It is estimated that in zone III (942 km
2
) for every 100 km
2
, about 17 km
2
area has an average garnet reserve of 1 Mt and this could be profitably mined. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12040-022-01834-z |
| format | Article |
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2
) portrays three zones of enrichment: zone I: 0.06–1.0 million tonnes (Mt); zone II: 1.0–1.1 Mt; zone III: 1.1–1.21 Mt. It is estimated that in zone III (942 km
2
) for every 100 km
2
, about 17 km
2
area has an average garnet reserve of 1 Mt and this could be profitably mined.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2347-4327</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0253-4126</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0973-774X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12040-022-01834-z</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New Delhi: Springer India</publisher><subject>Alluvial basins ; Alluvial deposits ; Alluvium ; Basins ; Beaches ; Coastal zone ; Creeks & streams ; Distribution ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Fluvial deposits ; Garnet ; Garnets ; Geomorphology ; Ilmenite ; Minerals ; Placers ; Resource evaluation ; River basins ; Rivers ; Sediment analysis ; Sediment samplers ; Sediment samples ; Sediments ; Space Exploration and Astronautics ; Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics</subject><ispartof>Journal of Earth System Science, 2022-06, Vol.131 (2), p.76, Article 76</ispartof><rights>Indian Academy of Sciences 2022</rights><rights>Indian Academy of Sciences 2022.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c200t-ce6479b503ab06265c9a0e8978b1fbaac03b4feb577392cb7582d5d13965e4113</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12040-022-01834-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12040-022-01834-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Udayaganesan, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gujar, Anup R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dhinesh, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iyer, Sridhar D</creatorcontrib><title>Alluvial placer garnet deposits of Vaippar basin, southern Tamil Nadu, India: Origin, distribution, geomorphological control and resource evaluation</title><title>Journal of Earth System Science</title><addtitle>J Earth Syst Sci</addtitle><description>The occurrence of workable beach placer deposits of garnet and ilmenite along the coastal region of southern Tamil Nadu is known for long. Though the adjoining rivers like Kallar, Vaippar and Vembar are generally thought to be the major contributors of placer minerals, especially garnet, to their respective beaches, none of the river basins has yet been explored. The present paper discusses the distribution, resource potential and geomorphic controls of garnet placer in the Vaippar basin using ArcGIS. Analysis of sediment samples collected from the Vaippar River and its tributaries shows that the concentration of garnet is up to 20 wt.% and predominantly localized in river alluvium, coastal alluvium and pediment. A distribution map of garnet for the entire basin (5508 km
2
) portrays three zones of enrichment: zone I: 0.06–1.0 million tonnes (Mt); zone II: 1.0–1.1 Mt; zone III: 1.1–1.21 Mt. It is estimated that in zone III (942 km
2
) for every 100 km
2
, about 17 km
2
area has an average garnet reserve of 1 Mt and this could be profitably mined.</description><subject>Alluvial basins</subject><subject>Alluvial deposits</subject><subject>Alluvium</subject><subject>Basins</subject><subject>Beaches</subject><subject>Coastal zone</subject><subject>Creeks & streams</subject><subject>Distribution</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Fluvial deposits</subject><subject>Garnet</subject><subject>Garnets</subject><subject>Geomorphology</subject><subject>Ilmenite</subject><subject>Minerals</subject><subject>Placers</subject><subject>Resource evaluation</subject><subject>River basins</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Sediment analysis</subject><subject>Sediment samplers</subject><subject>Sediment samples</subject><subject>Sediments</subject><subject>Space Exploration and Astronautics</subject><subject>Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics</subject><issn>2347-4327</issn><issn>0253-4126</issn><issn>0973-774X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kMFq3DAQhkVoINtNXiAnQa5xOpJsy-5tCW0TWLqXtOQmRrLsKGgtV7IDzXPkgaPtFnrraRj4_m-Gn5BLBjcMQH5KjEMJBXBeAGtEWbyekBW0UhRSlo8fyIqLUhal4PKMfEzpGUDUjWxX5G3j_fLi0NPJo7GRDhhHO9POTiG5OdHQ05_opgkj1ZjceE1TWOYnG0f6gHvn6Xfslmt6P3YOP9NddMOB6Vyao9PL7ELeBhv2IU5PwYfBmXzLhHGOwVMcOxptFkZjqX1Bv-AhcU5Oe_TJXvyda_Lj65eH27tiu_t2f7vZFoYDzIWxdSlbXYFADTWvK9Mi2KaVjWa9RjQgdNlbXUkpWm60rBreVR0TbV3ZkjGxJldH7xTDr8WmWT3nV8Z8UvGWZ6VkVZ0pfqRMDClF26spuj3G34qBOrSvju2r3L760756zSFxDKUMj4ON_9T_Sb0DIN-LGg</recordid><startdate>20220601</startdate><enddate>20220601</enddate><creator>Udayaganesan, P</creator><creator>Gujar, Anup R</creator><creator>Dhinesh, S</creator><creator>Iyer, Sridhar D</creator><general>Springer India</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20220601</creationdate><title>Alluvial placer garnet deposits of Vaippar basin, southern Tamil Nadu, India: Origin, distribution, geomorphological control and resource evaluation</title><author>Udayaganesan, P ; Gujar, Anup R ; Dhinesh, S ; Iyer, Sridhar D</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c200t-ce6479b503ab06265c9a0e8978b1fbaac03b4feb577392cb7582d5d13965e4113</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Alluvial basins</topic><topic>Alluvial deposits</topic><topic>Alluvium</topic><topic>Basins</topic><topic>Beaches</topic><topic>Coastal zone</topic><topic>Creeks & streams</topic><topic>Distribution</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Fluvial deposits</topic><topic>Garnet</topic><topic>Garnets</topic><topic>Geomorphology</topic><topic>Ilmenite</topic><topic>Minerals</topic><topic>Placers</topic><topic>Resource evaluation</topic><topic>River basins</topic><topic>Rivers</topic><topic>Sediment analysis</topic><topic>Sediment samplers</topic><topic>Sediment samples</topic><topic>Sediments</topic><topic>Space Exploration and Astronautics</topic><topic>Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Udayaganesan, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gujar, Anup R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dhinesh, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iyer, Sridhar D</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Agriculture & Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>ProQuest Science Journals</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Journal of Earth System Science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Udayaganesan, P</au><au>Gujar, Anup R</au><au>Dhinesh, S</au><au>Iyer, Sridhar D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Alluvial placer garnet deposits of Vaippar basin, southern Tamil Nadu, India: Origin, distribution, geomorphological control and resource evaluation</atitle><jtitle>Journal of Earth System Science</jtitle><stitle>J Earth Syst Sci</stitle><date>2022-06-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>131</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>76</spage><pages>76-</pages><artnum>76</artnum><issn>2347-4327</issn><issn>0253-4126</issn><eissn>0973-774X</eissn><abstract>The occurrence of workable beach placer deposits of garnet and ilmenite along the coastal region of southern Tamil Nadu is known for long. Though the adjoining rivers like Kallar, Vaippar and Vembar are generally thought to be the major contributors of placer minerals, especially garnet, to their respective beaches, none of the river basins has yet been explored. The present paper discusses the distribution, resource potential and geomorphic controls of garnet placer in the Vaippar basin using ArcGIS. Analysis of sediment samples collected from the Vaippar River and its tributaries shows that the concentration of garnet is up to 20 wt.% and predominantly localized in river alluvium, coastal alluvium and pediment. A distribution map of garnet for the entire basin (5508 km
2
) portrays three zones of enrichment: zone I: 0.06–1.0 million tonnes (Mt); zone II: 1.0–1.1 Mt; zone III: 1.1–1.21 Mt. It is estimated that in zone III (942 km
2
) for every 100 km
2
, about 17 km
2
area has an average garnet reserve of 1 Mt and this could be profitably mined.</abstract><cop>New Delhi</cop><pub>Springer India</pub><doi>10.1007/s12040-022-01834-z</doi></addata></record> |
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| source | Indian Academy of Sciences; EZB Electronic Journals Library; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Alluvial basins Alluvial deposits Alluvium Basins Beaches Coastal zone Creeks & streams Distribution Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Fluvial deposits Garnet Garnets Geomorphology Ilmenite Minerals Placers Resource evaluation River basins Rivers Sediment analysis Sediment samplers Sediment samples Sediments Space Exploration and Astronautics Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics |
| title | Alluvial placer garnet deposits of Vaippar basin, southern Tamil Nadu, India: Origin, distribution, geomorphological control and resource evaluation |
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