Long-term decline in rainfall causing depletion in groundwater aquifer storage sustaining the springflow in the middle-Himalayan headwaters
This paper is an attempt to study the cause and effect of the reported widespread decline in spring-flow from a catchment in the middle Himalaya in the Garhwal region. A range of statistical tests to the long rainfall data series is applied to the two gauge-based interpolated gridded data. A decline...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of Earth System Science 2023-09, Vol.132 (3), p.124, Article 124 |
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| description | This paper is an attempt to study the cause and effect of the reported widespread decline in spring-flow from a catchment in the middle Himalaya in the Garhwal region. A range of statistical tests to the long rainfall data series is applied to the two gauge-based interpolated gridded data. A decline in annual and seasonal rainfall with a rising frequency of moderate to severe drought in the subseries (1961–2018) is observed compared to the first half of the 20th century. A sudden shift of declining trend is observed in IMD4 gridded data in the early to mid-sixties. Prolonged post-monsoon and winter recession characteristics are analysed through a single nonlinear model and a power-law model. The nonlinear model and event-based power-law recession analysis showed nonlinearity (
B
≠1) in a storage–discharge relationship at the spring catchment scale as well as the intercept (
A
) highlights a very fast-draining aquifer with a very short recession timescale. The log-transformed fitted single nonlinear modelled recession data revealed control of antecedent storage over the rate of outflow as parallel offset was observed in interannual prolonged recession curve in
–dQ/dt
vs
.
Q
plot. Groundwater reservoir contributing to Ayal springflow is very vulnerable to reservoir storage changes.
Research highlights
In recent time, threat to water sustainability in middle Himalaya is widely reported. However, a clear understanding of the cause is not being investigated in a systematic manner.
The present study highlights that deficient monsoon years as well as dry winter months, are causing multi-year drought in middle Himalaya basins.
Higher frequency of moderate drought is observed in the long-term rainfall data after the early to mid-sixties and may have caused the decline in springflow.
Recession characteristics of springflow showed nonlinearity in storage–discharge relationship as well as very short recession time scale and springflow are extremely vulnerable to aquifer storage change. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12040-023-02136-8 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2920072979</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2920072979</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a342t-d8454ed8594ec437116e8d4121bcffc89bfd4ad0e6f6f4eca7f62089e7135b163</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kE1LAzEQhoMoWD_-gKcFz9F8dZMcpagVCl4UvIV0k2xTdrNtskvpb_BPm3UFPXkIM5OZ5x3mBeAGozuMEL9PmCCGICI0P0xLKE7ADElOIefs4_RPfg4uUtoiREvB5Qx8rrpQw97GtjC2anywhQ9F1D443TRFpYfkQ517u8b2vgtjt47dEMxBZ6rQ-8G7HFPfRV3bIg2pz_DI9Jtc7mJOXdMdRnD8ab0xjYVL3-pGH3UoNlZPWukKnOWlyV7_xEvw_vT4tljC1evzy-JhBTVlpIdGsDmzRswlsxWjHOPSCsMwwevKuUrItTNMG2RLV7o8orkrCRLSckzna1zSS3A76e5itx9s6tW2G2LIKxWRJNtJJJd5ikxTVexSitapfEur41FhpEbT1WS6yqarb9OVyBCdoOlwG3-l_6G-ANqRiKQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2920072979</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Long-term decline in rainfall causing depletion in groundwater aquifer storage sustaining the springflow in the middle-Himalayan headwaters</title><source>Indian Academy of Sciences</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><creator>Tarafdar, Soukhin ; Dutta, Subhashis</creator><creatorcontrib>Tarafdar, Soukhin ; Dutta, Subhashis</creatorcontrib><description>This paper is an attempt to study the cause and effect of the reported widespread decline in spring-flow from a catchment in the middle Himalaya in the Garhwal region. A range of statistical tests to the long rainfall data series is applied to the two gauge-based interpolated gridded data. A decline in annual and seasonal rainfall with a rising frequency of moderate to severe drought in the subseries (1961–2018) is observed compared to the first half of the 20th century. A sudden shift of declining trend is observed in IMD4 gridded data in the early to mid-sixties. Prolonged post-monsoon and winter recession characteristics are analysed through a single nonlinear model and a power-law model. The nonlinear model and event-based power-law recession analysis showed nonlinearity (
B
≠1) in a storage–discharge relationship at the spring catchment scale as well as the intercept (
A
) highlights a very fast-draining aquifer with a very short recession timescale. The log-transformed fitted single nonlinear modelled recession data revealed control of antecedent storage over the rate of outflow as parallel offset was observed in interannual prolonged recession curve in
–dQ/dt
vs
.
Q
plot. Groundwater reservoir contributing to Ayal springflow is very vulnerable to reservoir storage changes.
Research highlights
In recent time, threat to water sustainability in middle Himalaya is widely reported. However, a clear understanding of the cause is not being investigated in a systematic manner.
The present study highlights that deficient monsoon years as well as dry winter months, are causing multi-year drought in middle Himalaya basins.
Higher frequency of moderate drought is observed in the long-term rainfall data after the early to mid-sixties and may have caused the decline in springflow.
Recession characteristics of springflow showed nonlinearity in storage–discharge relationship as well as very short recession time scale and springflow are extremely vulnerable to aquifer storage change.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0973-774X</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0253-4126</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0973-774X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12040-023-02136-8</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New Delhi: Springer India</publisher><subject>Aerosols ; Annual rainfall ; Aquifer storage ; Aquifers ; Catchment area ; Catchment scale ; Climate change ; Discharge ; Drought ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Freshwater resources ; Groundwater ; Groundwater depletion ; Groundwater reservoirs ; Groundwater storage ; Headwaters ; Hydrologic data ; Monsoons ; Nonlinear systems ; Nonlinearity ; Outflow ; Power law ; Precipitation ; Rain ; Rainfall ; Rainfall data ; Recession curve ; Recession curves ; Recessions ; Reservoir storage ; Reservoirs ; Seasonal rainfall ; Space Exploration and Astronautics ; Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics ; Spring ; Spring (season) ; Statistical analysis ; Statistical tests ; Stream flow ; Summer ; Temperature ; Trends ; Wind ; Winter</subject><ispartof>Journal of Earth System Science, 2023-09, Vol.132 (3), p.124, Article 124</ispartof><rights>Indian Academy of Sciences 2023</rights><rights>Indian Academy of Sciences 2023.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a342t-d8454ed8594ec437116e8d4121bcffc89bfd4ad0e6f6f4eca7f62089e7135b163</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a342t-d8454ed8594ec437116e8d4121bcffc89bfd4ad0e6f6f4eca7f62089e7135b163</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8520-3103</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12040-023-02136-8$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12040-023-02136-8$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tarafdar, Soukhin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dutta, Subhashis</creatorcontrib><title>Long-term decline in rainfall causing depletion in groundwater aquifer storage sustaining the springflow in the middle-Himalayan headwaters</title><title>Journal of Earth System Science</title><addtitle>J Earth Syst Sci</addtitle><description>This paper is an attempt to study the cause and effect of the reported widespread decline in spring-flow from a catchment in the middle Himalaya in the Garhwal region. A range of statistical tests to the long rainfall data series is applied to the two gauge-based interpolated gridded data. A decline in annual and seasonal rainfall with a rising frequency of moderate to severe drought in the subseries (1961–2018) is observed compared to the first half of the 20th century. A sudden shift of declining trend is observed in IMD4 gridded data in the early to mid-sixties. Prolonged post-monsoon and winter recession characteristics are analysed through a single nonlinear model and a power-law model. The nonlinear model and event-based power-law recession analysis showed nonlinearity (
B
≠1) in a storage–discharge relationship at the spring catchment scale as well as the intercept (
A
) highlights a very fast-draining aquifer with a very short recession timescale. The log-transformed fitted single nonlinear modelled recession data revealed control of antecedent storage over the rate of outflow as parallel offset was observed in interannual prolonged recession curve in
–dQ/dt
vs
.
Q
plot. Groundwater reservoir contributing to Ayal springflow is very vulnerable to reservoir storage changes.
Research highlights
In recent time, threat to water sustainability in middle Himalaya is widely reported. However, a clear understanding of the cause is not being investigated in a systematic manner.
The present study highlights that deficient monsoon years as well as dry winter months, are causing multi-year drought in middle Himalaya basins.
Higher frequency of moderate drought is observed in the long-term rainfall data after the early to mid-sixties and may have caused the decline in springflow.
Recession characteristics of springflow showed nonlinearity in storage–discharge relationship as well as very short recession time scale and springflow are extremely vulnerable to aquifer storage change.</description><subject>Aerosols</subject><subject>Annual rainfall</subject><subject>Aquifer storage</subject><subject>Aquifers</subject><subject>Catchment area</subject><subject>Catchment scale</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Discharge</subject><subject>Drought</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Freshwater resources</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater depletion</subject><subject>Groundwater reservoirs</subject><subject>Groundwater storage</subject><subject>Headwaters</subject><subject>Hydrologic data</subject><subject>Monsoons</subject><subject>Nonlinear systems</subject><subject>Nonlinearity</subject><subject>Outflow</subject><subject>Power law</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Rainfall</subject><subject>Rainfall data</subject><subject>Recession curve</subject><subject>Recession curves</subject><subject>Recessions</subject><subject>Reservoir storage</subject><subject>Reservoirs</subject><subject>Seasonal rainfall</subject><subject>Space Exploration and Astronautics</subject><subject>Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics</subject><subject>Spring</subject><subject>Spring (season)</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Statistical tests</subject><subject>Stream flow</subject><subject>Summer</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Wind</subject><subject>Winter</subject><issn>0973-774X</issn><issn>0253-4126</issn><issn>0973-774X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1LAzEQhoMoWD_-gKcFz9F8dZMcpagVCl4UvIV0k2xTdrNtskvpb_BPm3UFPXkIM5OZ5x3mBeAGozuMEL9PmCCGICI0P0xLKE7ADElOIefs4_RPfg4uUtoiREvB5Qx8rrpQw97GtjC2anywhQ9F1D443TRFpYfkQ517u8b2vgtjt47dEMxBZ6rQ-8G7HFPfRV3bIg2pz_DI9Jtc7mJOXdMdRnD8ab0xjYVL3-pGH3UoNlZPWukKnOWlyV7_xEvw_vT4tljC1evzy-JhBTVlpIdGsDmzRswlsxWjHOPSCsMwwevKuUrItTNMG2RLV7o8orkrCRLSckzna1zSS3A76e5itx9s6tW2G2LIKxWRJNtJJJd5ikxTVexSitapfEur41FhpEbT1WS6yqarb9OVyBCdoOlwG3-l_6G-ANqRiKQ</recordid><startdate>20230901</startdate><enddate>20230901</enddate><creator>Tarafdar, Soukhin</creator><creator>Dutta, Subhashis</creator><general>Springer India</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8520-3103</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230901</creationdate><title>Long-term decline in rainfall causing depletion in groundwater aquifer storage sustaining the springflow in the middle-Himalayan headwaters</title><author>Tarafdar, Soukhin ; Dutta, Subhashis</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a342t-d8454ed8594ec437116e8d4121bcffc89bfd4ad0e6f6f4eca7f62089e7135b163</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Aerosols</topic><topic>Annual rainfall</topic><topic>Aquifer storage</topic><topic>Aquifers</topic><topic>Catchment area</topic><topic>Catchment scale</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Discharge</topic><topic>Drought</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Freshwater resources</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Groundwater depletion</topic><topic>Groundwater reservoirs</topic><topic>Groundwater storage</topic><topic>Headwaters</topic><topic>Hydrologic data</topic><topic>Monsoons</topic><topic>Nonlinear systems</topic><topic>Nonlinearity</topic><topic>Outflow</topic><topic>Power law</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>Rain</topic><topic>Rainfall</topic><topic>Rainfall data</topic><topic>Recession curve</topic><topic>Recession curves</topic><topic>Recessions</topic><topic>Reservoir storage</topic><topic>Reservoirs</topic><topic>Seasonal rainfall</topic><topic>Space Exploration and Astronautics</topic><topic>Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics</topic><topic>Spring</topic><topic>Spring (season)</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Statistical tests</topic><topic>Stream flow</topic><topic>Summer</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Trends</topic><topic>Wind</topic><topic>Winter</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tarafdar, Soukhin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dutta, Subhashis</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Journal of Earth System Science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tarafdar, Soukhin</au><au>Dutta, Subhashis</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Long-term decline in rainfall causing depletion in groundwater aquifer storage sustaining the springflow in the middle-Himalayan headwaters</atitle><jtitle>Journal of Earth System Science</jtitle><stitle>J Earth Syst Sci</stitle><date>2023-09-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>132</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>124</spage><pages>124-</pages><artnum>124</artnum><issn>0973-774X</issn><issn>0253-4126</issn><eissn>0973-774X</eissn><abstract>This paper is an attempt to study the cause and effect of the reported widespread decline in spring-flow from a catchment in the middle Himalaya in the Garhwal region. A range of statistical tests to the long rainfall data series is applied to the two gauge-based interpolated gridded data. A decline in annual and seasonal rainfall with a rising frequency of moderate to severe drought in the subseries (1961–2018) is observed compared to the first half of the 20th century. A sudden shift of declining trend is observed in IMD4 gridded data in the early to mid-sixties. Prolonged post-monsoon and winter recession characteristics are analysed through a single nonlinear model and a power-law model. The nonlinear model and event-based power-law recession analysis showed nonlinearity (
B
≠1) in a storage–discharge relationship at the spring catchment scale as well as the intercept (
A
) highlights a very fast-draining aquifer with a very short recession timescale. The log-transformed fitted single nonlinear modelled recession data revealed control of antecedent storage over the rate of outflow as parallel offset was observed in interannual prolonged recession curve in
–dQ/dt
vs
.
Q
plot. Groundwater reservoir contributing to Ayal springflow is very vulnerable to reservoir storage changes.
Research highlights
In recent time, threat to water sustainability in middle Himalaya is widely reported. However, a clear understanding of the cause is not being investigated in a systematic manner.
The present study highlights that deficient monsoon years as well as dry winter months, are causing multi-year drought in middle Himalaya basins.
Higher frequency of moderate drought is observed in the long-term rainfall data after the early to mid-sixties and may have caused the decline in springflow.
Recession characteristics of springflow showed nonlinearity in storage–discharge relationship as well as very short recession time scale and springflow are extremely vulnerable to aquifer storage change.</abstract><cop>New Delhi</cop><pub>Springer India</pub><doi>10.1007/s12040-023-02136-8</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8520-3103</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| source | Indian Academy of Sciences; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Aerosols Annual rainfall Aquifer storage Aquifers Catchment area Catchment scale Climate change Discharge Drought Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Freshwater resources Groundwater Groundwater depletion Groundwater reservoirs Groundwater storage Headwaters Hydrologic data Monsoons Nonlinear systems Nonlinearity Outflow Power law Precipitation Rain Rainfall Rainfall data Recession curve Recession curves Recessions Reservoir storage Reservoirs Seasonal rainfall Space Exploration and Astronautics Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics Spring Spring (season) Statistical analysis Statistical tests Stream flow Summer Temperature Trends Wind Winter |
| title | Long-term decline in rainfall causing depletion in groundwater aquifer storage sustaining the springflow in the middle-Himalayan headwaters |
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