Physiological fluid flow analysis by means of contraction and expansion with addition of hybrid nanoparticles

. In this research, we inspected the physiological flow of a viscous fluid with addition of hybrid nanoparticles, generated by means of contraction and expansion. We presented a mathematical model for a vertical annulus, and the two-dimensional equations were shortened under the hypothesis of small inertial forces and large wavelength approximation. The flow analysis is performed for different shapes of the nanoparticles, and mixed convection and wall properties effects are also taken into account. The properties of the different wave shapes were explored with particular interest. The effects of some evolving physical parameters on peristaltic flow features were shown graphically and debated concisely. Finally, streamline designs showed size, and a number of investigated boluses were presented and debated for several involved parameters.