Structural Impacts, Carbon Losses, and Regeneration in Mangrove Wetlands after Two Hurricanes on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands
Hurricanes Irma and Maria ravaged the mangroves of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, in 2017. Basal area losses were large (63–100%) and storm losses of carbon associated with aboveground biomass amounted to 11.9–43.5 Mg C/ha. Carbon biomass of dead standing trees increased 8.1–18.3 Mg C/ha among sites...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Wetlands (Wilmington, N.C.) N.C.), 2020-12, Vol.40 (6), p.2397-2412 |
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| creator | Krauss, Ken W. From, Andrew S. Rogers, Caroline S. Whelan, Kevin R. T. Grimes, Kristin W. Dobbs, Robert C. Kelley, Thomas |
| description | Hurricanes Irma and Maria ravaged the mangroves of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, in 2017. Basal area losses were large (63–100%) and storm losses of carbon associated with aboveground biomass amounted to 11.9–43.5 Mg C/ha. Carbon biomass of dead standing trees increased 8.1–18.3 Mg C/ha among sites, and carbon in coarse woody debris on the forest floor increased 1.9–18.2 Mg C/ha, with effects varying by mangrove typology. While St. John has only ~45 ha of mangroves, they exist as isolated basins, salt ponds, and fringe mangroves; the latter sometimes support diverse marine communities. Salt pond and fringe mangroves had proportionately more organic carbon (46.3 Mg C/ha) than inorganic carbon (1.1 Mg C/ha) in soils than isolated basins. Soil organic carbon was also appreciable in isolated basins (30.8 Mg C/ha) but was matched by inorganic C (36.7 Mg C/ha), possibly due to adjacent land use history (e.g., road construction), previous storm overwash, or geomorphology. Soil nitrogen stocks were low across all typologies. Mangroves had limited regeneration 26 months after the storms, and recovery on St. John may be hindered by pre-storm hydrologic change in some stands, and potential genetic bottlenecks and lack of propagule sources for expedient recovery in all stands. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s13157-020-01313-5 |
| format | Article |
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Soil organic carbon was also appreciable in isolated basins (30.8 Mg C/ha) but was matched by inorganic C (36.7 Mg C/ha), possibly due to adjacent land use history (e.g., road construction), previous storm overwash, or geomorphology. Soil nitrogen stocks were low across all typologies. Mangroves had limited regeneration 26 months after the storms, and recovery on St. John may be hindered by pre-storm hydrologic change in some stands, and potential genetic bottlenecks and lack of propagule sources for expedient recovery in all stands.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0277-5212</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1943-6246</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s13157-020-01313-5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Basins ; Biomass ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Carbon ; Coastal Sciences ; Ecology ; Environmental Management ; Forest floor ; Forests ; Freshwater & Marine Ecology ; Geomorphology ; Hurricanes ; Hydrogeology ; Inorganic carbon ; Islands ; Land use ; Landscape Ecology ; Life Sciences ; Mangroves ; National parks ; Organic carbon ; Organic soils ; Polls & surveys ; Ponds ; Rain ; Recovery ; Regeneration ; Road construction ; Soils ; Storms ; Trees ; Typology ; Vegetation ; Wetlands ; Wetlands and Climate Change ; Wind</subject><ispartof>Wetlands (Wilmington, N.C.), 2020-12, Vol.40 (6), p.2397-2412</ispartof><rights>US Government 2020</rights><rights>US Government 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-566c25d58bb9b123d832dd072f70294c6a18e535f99bf7e01a5ddcdd53a77b3f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-566c25d58bb9b123d832dd072f70294c6a18e535f99bf7e01a5ddcdd53a77b3f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2195-0729</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13157-020-01313-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2919536746?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,21388,27924,27925,33744,41488,42557,43805,51319,64385,64389,72469</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Krauss, Ken W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>From, Andrew S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rogers, Caroline S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Whelan, Kevin R. 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Salt pond and fringe mangroves had proportionately more organic carbon (46.3 Mg C/ha) than inorganic carbon (1.1 Mg C/ha) in soils than isolated basins. Soil organic carbon was also appreciable in isolated basins (30.8 Mg C/ha) but was matched by inorganic C (36.7 Mg C/ha), possibly due to adjacent land use history (e.g., road construction), previous storm overwash, or geomorphology. Soil nitrogen stocks were low across all typologies. Mangroves had limited regeneration 26 months after the storms, and recovery on St. John may be hindered by pre-storm hydrologic change in some stands, and potential genetic bottlenecks and lack of propagule sources for expedient recovery in all stands.</description><subject>Basins</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Coastal Sciences</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Environmental Management</subject><subject>Forest floor</subject><subject>Forests</subject><subject>Freshwater & Marine Ecology</subject><subject>Geomorphology</subject><subject>Hurricanes</subject><subject>Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Inorganic carbon</subject><subject>Islands</subject><subject>Land use</subject><subject>Landscape Ecology</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Mangroves</subject><subject>National parks</subject><subject>Organic carbon</subject><subject>Organic soils</subject><subject>Polls & surveys</subject><subject>Ponds</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Recovery</subject><subject>Regeneration</subject><subject>Road construction</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Storms</subject><subject>Trees</subject><subject>Typology</subject><subject>Vegetation</subject><subject>Wetlands</subject><subject>Wetlands and Climate Change</subject><subject>Wind</subject><issn>0277-5212</issn><issn>1943-6246</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE9PwyAYh4nRxDn9Ap5IvK6VP6WMo1nUzcyYuE2PhAKtXTY6gWq8-NlFZ-LNExCe5_fm_QFwjlGOEeKXAVPMeIYIylC60owdgAEWBc1KUpSHYIAI5xkjmByDkxDWCOGSEDwAn4voex17rzZwtt0pHcMITpSvOgfnXQg2PZUz8NE21lmvYps-WgfvlWt892bhs42bBASo6mg9XL53cNp732rlbIAJXsQc3nUvbgRX-SKHT61vkj8LP9YpOKrVJtiz33MIVjfXy8k0mz_cziZX80xTLGLGylITZti4qkSFCTVjSoxBnNQcEVHoUuGxZZTVQlQ1twgrZow2hlHFeUVrOgQX-9yd7157G6Jcd713aaQkAgtGS16UiSJ7Svu0ure13Pl2q_yHxEh-9yz3PcvUs_zpWbIk0b0UEuwa6_-i_7G-AKBDgBo</recordid><startdate>20201201</startdate><enddate>20201201</enddate><creator>Krauss, Ken W.</creator><creator>From, Andrew S.</creator><creator>Rogers, Caroline S.</creator><creator>Whelan, Kevin R. 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T.</au><au>Grimes, Kristin W.</au><au>Dobbs, Robert C.</au><au>Kelley, Thomas</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Structural Impacts, Carbon Losses, and Regeneration in Mangrove Wetlands after Two Hurricanes on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands</atitle><jtitle>Wetlands (Wilmington, N.C.)</jtitle><stitle>Wetlands</stitle><date>2020-12-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>2397</spage><epage>2412</epage><pages>2397-2412</pages><issn>0277-5212</issn><eissn>1943-6246</eissn><abstract>Hurricanes Irma and Maria ravaged the mangroves of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, in 2017. Basal area losses were large (63–100%) and storm losses of carbon associated with aboveground biomass amounted to 11.9–43.5 Mg C/ha. Carbon biomass of dead standing trees increased 8.1–18.3 Mg C/ha among sites, and carbon in coarse woody debris on the forest floor increased 1.9–18.2 Mg C/ha, with effects varying by mangrove typology. While St. John has only ~45 ha of mangroves, they exist as isolated basins, salt ponds, and fringe mangroves; the latter sometimes support diverse marine communities. Salt pond and fringe mangroves had proportionately more organic carbon (46.3 Mg C/ha) than inorganic carbon (1.1 Mg C/ha) in soils than isolated basins. Soil organic carbon was also appreciable in isolated basins (30.8 Mg C/ha) but was matched by inorganic C (36.7 Mg C/ha), possibly due to adjacent land use history (e.g., road construction), previous storm overwash, or geomorphology. Soil nitrogen stocks were low across all typologies. Mangroves had limited regeneration 26 months after the storms, and recovery on St. John may be hindered by pre-storm hydrologic change in some stands, and potential genetic bottlenecks and lack of propagule sources for expedient recovery in all stands.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s13157-020-01313-5</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Basins Biomass Biomedical and Life Sciences Carbon Coastal Sciences Ecology Environmental Management Forest floor Forests Freshwater & Marine Ecology Geomorphology Hurricanes Hydrogeology Inorganic carbon Islands Land use Landscape Ecology Life Sciences Mangroves National parks Organic carbon Organic soils Polls & surveys Ponds Rain Recovery Regeneration Road construction Soils Storms Trees Typology Vegetation Wetlands Wetlands and Climate Change Wind |
| title | Structural Impacts, Carbon Losses, and Regeneration in Mangrove Wetlands after Two Hurricanes on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands |
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