Fine Ultra-small Ruthenium Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis by Using Catharanthus roseus and Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts and Their Efficacy Towards In Vitro Assays, Antimicrobial Activity and Catalytic: Adsorption Kinetic Studies Using Methylene Blue Dye

A simple one step green procedure is intended to investigate for the first time by employing ruthenium oxide nanoparticles (RuO 2 NPs) derived from Catharanthus roseus (CR) and Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves and evaluate their catalytic—degradation of MB dye, antibacterial screening and in vitro antioxidant assays. The as-synthesized RuO 2 NPs were characterized by XRD, HR-TEM, FT-IR, EDX and UV–Visible spectrometer. The HR-TEM image reveals spherical morphology with average particle size 5.6 nm (CR-RuO 2 NP) and 4.6 nm (MO-RuO 2 NP). The research findings of the current study elucidates the superiority of CR-RuO 2 NPs and well exhibited towards scavenging activity, admirable anti-bacterial effect against K. pneumonia (21.6 ± 0.24 mm), and catalytic degradation percentage as 79.02%. The adsorption kinetics indeed suggest more impressive pseudo-second-order kinetic model than Lagergren first-order kinetics at 10 ppm concentration of MB dye. Our results thus provide a platform for further research on the applications of RuO 2 NPs as disinfectant and better catalyst.