Preparation and characterization of urea–formaldehyde microcapsules filled with paraffin oil
Paraffin oil was encapsulated in a urea–formaldehyde polymer shell by in situ polymerization. The effect of modifying the fabrication parameters, specifically the emulsifier, the core material concentration, the stirring rate, and the pH, on the resulting microcapsules was characterized by FTIR, SEM...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Polymer bulletin (Berlin, Germany) Germany), 2016-03, Vol.73 (3), p.631-646 |
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| container_title | Polymer bulletin (Berlin, Germany) |
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| creator | Fayyad, Eman M. Almaadeed, Mariam A. Jones, Alan |
| description | Paraffin oil was encapsulated in a urea–formaldehyde polymer shell by in situ polymerization. The effect of modifying the fabrication parameters, specifically the emulsifier, the core material concentration, the stirring rate, and the pH, on the resulting microcapsules was characterized by FTIR, SEM, particle size analysis and TGA. The stiffness and the mechanical stability during mixing of the microcapsules were also evaluated. It was found that the ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer (EMA)-based microcapsules are smaller, harder and have an increase in yield of 15 % or more compared to the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based microcapsules. Both EMA- and PVA-based microcapsules have good thermal stability up to 400 °C. Smaller EMA-based microcapsules require a higher force, up to 0.96 N, to be 80 % deformed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00289-015-1518-x |
| format | Article |
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Bull</addtitle><description>Paraffin oil was encapsulated in a urea–formaldehyde polymer shell by in situ polymerization. The effect of modifying the fabrication parameters, specifically the emulsifier, the core material concentration, the stirring rate, and the pH, on the resulting microcapsules was characterized by FTIR, SEM, particle size analysis and TGA. The stiffness and the mechanical stability during mixing of the microcapsules were also evaluated. It was found that the ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer (EMA)-based microcapsules are smaller, harder and have an increase in yield of 15 % or more compared to the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based microcapsules. Both EMA- and PVA-based microcapsules have good thermal stability up to 400 °C. Smaller EMA-based microcapsules require a higher force, up to 0.96 N, to be 80 % deformed.</description><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Complex Fluids and Microfluidics</subject><subject>Copolymers</subject><subject>Emulsion polymerization</subject><subject>Energy storage</subject><subject>Epoxy resins</subject><subject>Formaldehyde</subject><subject>Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Heat</subject><subject>Maleic anhydride</subject><subject>Microencapsulation</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Organic Chemistry</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Paraffins</subject><subject>Parameter modification</subject><subject>Physical Chemistry</subject><subject>Polymer Sciences</subject><subject>Polymerization</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Polyvinyl alcohol</subject><subject>Soft and Granular Matter</subject><subject>Stability analysis</subject><subject>Surfactants</subject><subject>Textiles</subject><subject>Thermal stability</subject><subject>Ureas</subject><subject>Viscosity</subject><issn>0170-0839</issn><issn>1436-2449</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNp1UMtKAzEUDaJgrX6AuwHX0ZvXTGYpRa1Q0EXXhjST2JTpzJjMYOvKf_AP_RJTRnDl6nIu58VB6JLANQEobiIAlSUGIjARROLdEZoQznJMOS-P0QRIARgkK0_RWYwbSDjPyQS9PAfb6aB73zaZbqrMrBMyvQ3-Y3y2LhuC1d-fX64NW11Xdr2vbLb1JrRGd3Gobcycr2tbZe--X2cHO-d8Uvr6HJ04XUd78XunaHl_t5zN8eLp4XF2u8CGU9ZjIXhJVxUIKSrpSisK41JFKhgnsLJEWiJyylJ_pyUH5wSY3GjCuGSQczZFV6NtF9q3wcZebdohNClR0ZIUZaKlnCkiIys1jzFYp7rgtzrsFQF1WFGNK6q0ojqsqHZJQ0dNTNzm1YY_5_9FP9YcdsQ</recordid><startdate>20160301</startdate><enddate>20160301</enddate><creator>Fayyad, Eman M.</creator><creator>Almaadeed, Mariam A.</creator><creator>Jones, Alan</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8780-3559</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20160301</creationdate><title>Preparation and characterization of urea–formaldehyde microcapsules filled with paraffin oil</title><author>Fayyad, Eman M. ; Almaadeed, Mariam A. ; Jones, Alan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c423t-55492bd0585d8f9e57cf001253410be18e15623083fa840ff50c6ca134830643</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Complex Fluids and Microfluidics</topic><topic>Copolymers</topic><topic>Emulsion polymerization</topic><topic>Energy storage</topic><topic>Epoxy resins</topic><topic>Formaldehyde</topic><topic>Fourier transforms</topic><topic>Heat</topic><topic>Maleic anhydride</topic><topic>Microencapsulation</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Organic Chemistry</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Paraffins</topic><topic>Parameter modification</topic><topic>Physical Chemistry</topic><topic>Polymer Sciences</topic><topic>Polymerization</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Polyvinyl alcohol</topic><topic>Soft and Granular Matter</topic><topic>Stability analysis</topic><topic>Surfactants</topic><topic>Textiles</topic><topic>Thermal stability</topic><topic>Ureas</topic><topic>Viscosity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fayyad, Eman M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Almaadeed, Mariam A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, Alan</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials science collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><jtitle>Polymer bulletin (Berlin, Germany)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fayyad, Eman M.</au><au>Almaadeed, Mariam A.</au><au>Jones, Alan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Preparation and characterization of urea–formaldehyde microcapsules filled with paraffin oil</atitle><jtitle>Polymer bulletin (Berlin, Germany)</jtitle><stitle>Polym. 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| subjects | Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Complex Fluids and Microfluidics Copolymers Emulsion polymerization Energy storage Epoxy resins Formaldehyde Fourier transforms Heat Maleic anhydride Microencapsulation Morphology Organic Chemistry Original Paper Paraffins Parameter modification Physical Chemistry Polymer Sciences Polymerization Polymers Polyvinyl alcohol Soft and Granular Matter Stability analysis Surfactants Textiles Thermal stability Ureas Viscosity |
| title | Preparation and characterization of urea–formaldehyde microcapsules filled with paraffin oil |
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